which take privacy and protecting personal data into account throughout the engineering process. c) Promoting cybersecurity 19. We reaffirm our support for policies that improve cybersecurity as essential for the development of a trustworthy digitally connected world. As part of our efforts to address cybersecurity risks, threats and vulnerabilities, including those to ICT and ICT-enabled critical infrastructures, we endeavor to strengthen international collaboration, capacity building and public-private partnerships. We also support risk management based approaches to cybersecurity including research on methods to analyze threats and continue to work with all stakeholders on such efforts also through constructive discussions in international fora. 20. To promote cybersecurity awareness, all stakeholders in the digitally connected world must take active responsibility. To this end, we recognize the importance of developing human capital to reduce threats to cybersecurity. That could be done through training, education and increased awareness to enable citizens, enterprises including critical infrastructure operators and governments to meet their objectives in an efficient manner. ⅲ. Fostering innovation 21. In order to foster innovation, we encourage the following actions. a) Enabling open markets 22. We continue to encourage policies that foster open markets as a means to support innovation. We affirm the importance of pro-competition policy approaches that ensure fair and non-discriminatory treatment of companies and that avoid the use of competition remedies to pursue industrial policy goals. We affirm that generally applicable measures regulating technology products in the commercial sector benefit from meaningful consultation with foreign governments, the private sector, and all impacted stakeholders to encourage innovative, flexible, and cost-effective solutions. b) Promoting interoperability through standards 23. We promote the development of ICT standards including reference architecture models that will continue to be industry-led primarily, voluntary and consensus driven, based on principles of transparency, openness, impartiality, market needs and coherence including those developed within traditional standard development organizations. 4