JIHADIST AND ETHNO-NATIONALIST TERRORISM AND VIOLENT EXTREMISM | SITUATION has also established a presence in the shape of its Khorasan Province (ISKP). Despite major losses, among them several leaders, ISKP has so far managed to survive – in part through collaboration with other Islamist and jihadist organisations in the region – and to stage frequent major attacks in Afghanistan and Pakistan. In South-East Asia, a number of jihadist groups have been active for a long time. In May 2017, a Philippine affiliate of ‘Islamic State’ recorded a major success when it took over the city of Marawi (population 200,000) on the island of Mindanao. Only after a several-month-long siege and battles involving heavy losses, as well as the deaths of both the local ‘Islamic State’ leaders in October 2017, was the city declared liberated by the Philippine security forces. ‘Islamic State’'s propa- ganda made much capital out of the prolonged resistance, and the battle for Marawi was marketed as a new focal point for jihad travellers from across the region. Attacks in Europe The threat of attacks carried out by jihad-motivated lone perpetrators or small groups is present throughout Europe. Analysis of the major attacks in Europe between 2015 and 2017 shows that the number of attacks has increased steadily over the last three years. Since February 2017, there have been just under two dozen attacks and attempted attacks in Europe. Four of these claimed numerous lives and left many injured. A common factor in all the attacks was that the targets were either uniformed policemen and soldiers or passers-by in the centres Stockholm 07.04.2017 SWEDEN London 05.12.2015 22.03.2017 03.06.2017 25.08.2017 15.09.2017 Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray 26.07.2016 Paris 07.-09.01.2015 13.11.2015 07.01.2016 03.02.2017 18.03.2017 20.04.2017 06.06.2017 19.06.2017 09.08.2017 15.09.2017 Manchester 22.05.2017 UNITED KINGDOM * Thalys Amsterdam - Paris 38 SI TUATIO N R E P O RT 2018 | F I S Brussels 24.05.2014 21.08.2015* 22.03.2016 05.10.2016 21.06.2017 25.08.2017 Magnanville 13.06.2016 Nantes 22.12.2014 DENMARK Hamburg 28.07.2017 Essen 16.04.2016 GERMANY BELGIUM Charleroi 06.08.2016 Joué-lès-Tours 20.12.2014 Saint-Quentin 26.06.2015 Barcelona 17.08.2017 Spandau 17.09.2015 Berlin 19.12.2016 Würzburg 18.07.2016 Ansbach 24.07.2016 FRANCE Cambrils 17.08.2017 SPAIN Copenhagen 14.02.2015 Marseille 18.11.2015 11.01.2016 18.04.2017 01.10.2017 Nice 03.02.2015 14.07.2016 Turku 18.08.2017 FINLAND