occurrence of the unlawful consequence and insofar as the occurrence of such a consequence could not have been prevented even had he performed any positive act. Time of Committing a Criminal Offence Article 18 A criminal offence is committed at the time the perpetrator was acting or was obliged to act irrespective of when the unlawful consequence occurred. Place of Committing a Criminal Offence Article 19 (1) A criminal offence is committed both in the place where the perpetrator was acting and in the place where the unlawful consequence occurred. (2) The criminal attempt shall be deemed to have been committed both in the place where the perpetrator was acting and in the place where, according to his intention, the unlawful consequence should or could have occurred. Perpetrator and Accomplice Article 20 (1) Perpetrator of a criminal offence is any person, who commits it personally or by using and directing the actions of another person (indirect perpetrator). (2) Perpetrator of a criminal offence is also any person who together with the other person commits a criminal offence by wilfully collaborating in the execution thereof or in any other way decisively contributes thereto (the accomplice (hereinafter, the accomplice)). Limits of Criminal Liability in Relation to the Age of Perpetrators Article 21 (1) Any person who committed a criminal offence when he was under the age of 14 years (a child), cannot be a perpetrator of a criminal offence. Self-defence Article 22 (1) An act committed in self-defence shall not constitute a criminal offence.