Co-offending Article 22 If two or more persons, by participating in an act of committing or by any other significant contribution towards the committing of the crime, jointly commit a crime, each one of them shall be sentenced with the proper sentence prescribed for such crime. Instigation Article 23 (1) Whosoever premeditatively instigates another to committing a crime, shall be punished as if he had perpetrated the crime himself. (2) Whosoever premeditatively instigates another to commit a crime, for which a sentence of five years of imprisonment or a more severe sentence could be pronounced according to a law, and there is not even an attempt of this crime, shall be punished as for an attempted crime. Assistance Article 24 (1) Whosoever premeditatively assist in the perpetration of a crime shall be punished as if he had committed the crime himself, but he may be punished more leniently. (2) Assistance to perpetrating a crime shall be especially considered: giving advice or instructions how to commit a crime, making available to the offender means for committing the crime, removal of obstacles for committing the crime, as well as promising in advance to cover the criminal act of the offender, of the means of committing the crime, the traces of the crime or the items obtained through a crime. Limits of criminal liability and punishability of the accomplices Article 25 (1) The co-offender shall be criminally responsible within the limits of his premeditation or negligence, and the instigator and assistant - within the limits of their premeditation. (2) The co-offender, instigator or assistant that voluntarily prevented or has seriously tried to prevent the commission of a crime, may be acquitted from punishment. This is also applicable in the case of preparation of a crime, regardless whether it is determined by law as a special crime, or whether the law prescribes sentence for the preparation of certain crime (Article 18 paragraph 2). 7/217