FOREWORD The Government of Rwanda (GoR) has invested significantly in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure and applications, as a cornerstone for National economic growth. ICT is recognized as a key enabler for economic growth and social mobility and is expected to improve Rwandans’ standard of living as part of the Integrated ICT-led Socio-Economic Development Policy and Plan. Even though the rapid development of ICT in Rwanda promises a positive impact on the nation’s economic growth, these technologies have introduced new types of threats such as cyber-crime, cyber espionage, Hacktivism, Cyber Terrorism, Cyber Warfare, to mention a few. Cyber threats are on rise globally and are proving increasingly sophisticated, and difficult to mitigate; the imminent threat of cyber-crime to National Security means that GoR must be prepared and in the position to prevent and respond to evolving cyber threats. Given the heavy investment in the ICT infrastructure to support its economic development goals, it is imperative that infrastructure be resilient and secure against cyber threats. The first National Cyber Security Policy for Rwanda to establish an environment that shall assure the trust and confidence while using ICT facilities and ensure that Rwanda is self-reliantly able to protect its interests and enforce national security. This policy will guarantee the confidentiality and integrity of information assets and sensitive information of Government, Businesses and individuals. The Ministry in charge of ICT in collaboration with key stakeholders in Cyber security especially Rwanda Development Board, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Internal Affaires, Rwanda National Police, took a lead in the development of cyber security policy, and will periodically review its implementation progress to ensure that threats of current and potential cyber-attacks are addressed in a timely and appropriate manner. 4