The Council of Ministers, based on the recommendation of the Supreme Council and for the public interest, may delete any of the exempt matters stipulated in the abovementioned paragraph or add to them. Chapter Three Requirements of Electronic Transactions Article (4) In the context of contract formation or conducting transactions, an offer or acceptance of an offer may be expressed, in whole or in part, by means of electronic communications. A contract or transaction shall not be denied validity or enforceability solely on the grounds that one or more electronic communications were used in its formation. Article (5) A data message is from and attributed to the originator if it was sent by the originator itself. A data message shall also be deemed to be that of the originator in the following cases: 1- if the data message was sent by a person who had the authority to act on behalf of the originator in respect of that data message or sent by an information system or automated message system programmed to operate by, or on behalf of, the originator. 2- if the addressee properly applied a procedure previously agreed to by the originator for that purpose in order to ascertain whether the data message was that of the originator. 3- if the data message as received by the addressee resulted from the actions of a person whose relationship with the originator or with any agent of the originator enabled that person to lawfully gain access to a method used by the originator to identify the data message as its own. Article (6) A data message shall not be deemed from the originator in the following two cases: 1- from the time when the addressee has received notice from the originator that the data message is not from the originator and had reasonable time to act accordingly. 6