 As of early 2023, only 17% of IT Specialist announcements used a second assessment to assess skills (data provided by OPM). Agencies can track progress at GSA’s D2D (Data to Decisions) Hiring Assessment and Selection Outcome Dashboard at https://d2d.gsa.gov/report/hiring-assessment-and-selection-outcome-dashboard. 104 Kiran A. Ahuja, Director, U.S. Office of Personnel Management, memorandum, “Guidance Release – E.O. 13932; Modernizing and Reforming the Assessment and Hiring of Federal Job Candidates,” May 19, 2022, https://chcoc.gov/content/guidance-release-eo-13932-modernizing-and-reforming-assessment-and-hiring-federal-job. 105 Laura Bate and Mark Montgomery, “Workforce Development Agenda for the National Cyber Director,” CSC 2.0, June 2022, https://cybersolarium.org/wpcontent/uploads/2022/05/CSC2.0_Report_WorkforceDevelopmentAgenda_FullText.pdf; National Academy for Public Administration, “A Call to Action: The Federal Government’s Role in Building a Cybersecurity Workforce for the Nation,” January 2022, https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/napa-2021/studies/dhs-cybersecurityworkforce/NAPA-Final-CISA-Cybersecurity-Workforce-Report-January-2022.pdf. 106 President Joseph R. Biden Jr., “Memorandum on Revitalizing America’s Foreign Policy and National Security Workforce, Institutions, and Partnerships,” February 4, 2021, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidentialactions/2021/02/04/memorandum-revitalizing-americas-foreign-policy-and-national-security-workforce-institutionsand-partnerships/. 107 Cyber Workforce Dashboard,” U.S. Office of Personnel Management, https://www.opm.gov/data/dataproducts/cyber-workforce. 108 “Cybersecurity Workforce: Agencies Need to Accurately Categorize Positions to Effectively Identify Critical Staffing Needs,” GAO-19-144, U.S. Government Accountability Office, March 12, 2019, https://www.gao.gov/products/gao19-144. 109 Both scholarship programs serve multiple valuable purposes. For example, SFS encourages participating institutions to adopt best practices in education, training, community impact, and workforce development, as well as conduct valuable research in these areas, through NSF’s grant process. The program also helps meet the needs of SLTT governments and participating institutions of higher education, as a small portion of SFS Scholars are able to fulfill their service obligations by working for these entities. The DoD’s CYSP supports workforce development and retention as well as new entrants into government service. 110 Federal Internship Portal,” USAJOBS, U.S. Office of Personnel Management, https://intern.usajobs.gov. 111 “Homeland Security Careers,” U.S. Department of Homeland Security, https://www.dhs.gov/homeland-securitycareers/icdf. 112 “DOE Omni Technology Alliance Internship Program,” Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, https://orise.orau.gov/doe-omni/index.html. 113 “HSI HERO Child-Rescue Corps,” U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, https://www.ice.gov/hero. 114 “Build a Brighter Future,” U.S. Digital Corps, U.S. General Services Administration, https://digitalcorps.gsa.gov/. 115 “Cyber Fellowship,” U.S. Department of Justice, https://www.justice.gov/legal-careers/cyber-fellowship. 116 “Navigate to an Apprenticeship,” USMAP: United Services Military Apprenticeship Program, U.S. Department of Defense, https://usmap.osd.mil/. 117 DOD SkillBridge homepage, https://skillbridge.osd.mil. 118 “Veteran Employment Through Technology Education Courses (VET TEC)” https://www.va.gov/education/about-gi-bill-benefits/how-to-use-benefits/vettec-high-tech-program/ 119 “Veteran Readiness and Employment (VRE) program” https://www.benefits.va.gov/vocrehab/ 120 “Securing a Nation: Improving Federal Cybersecurity Hiring in the United States,” Burning Glass Technologies, 2021, p. 23, https://www.datocms-assets.com/62658/1661873045-securing_nation_federal_cybersecurity_hiring1.pdf. 121 EO 13932, “Modernizing and Reforming the Assessment and Hiring of Federal Job Candidates,” June 26, 2020, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-07-01/pdf/2020-14337.pdf; and Kiran A. Ahuja, Director, U.S. Office of Personnel Management, memorandum, “Guidance Release – E.O. 13932; Modernizing and Reforming the Assessment and Hiring of Federal Job Candidates,” May 19, 2022, https://chcoc.gov/content/guidance-release-eo13932-modernizing-and-reforming-assessment-and-hiring-federal-job. 122 “Cybersecurity Talent Initiative,” Go Government: Partnership for Public Service, https://gogovernment.org/fellowship/cybersecurity-talent-initiative/. 103 NATIONAL CYBER WORKFORCE AND EDUCATION STRATEGY 56