 Irving Lachow, “Diversity in the Cyber Workforce: Addressing the Data Gap,” MITRE, January 28, 2022, https://www.mitre.org/news-insights/publication/diversity-cyber-workforce-addressing-data-gap. This use of “tech” occupations draws on the Standard Occupational Classification Codes (SOC) for IT occupations. See CompTIA, State of the Tech Workforce: Cyberstates 2022, 2022, p. 156, https://www.cyberstates.org/pdf/CompTIA_Cyberstates_2022.pdf. 36 CompTIA, State of the Tech Workforce: Cyberstates 2022, 2022, p. 10, https://www.cyberstates.org/pdf/CompTIA_Cyberstates_2022.pdf. 37 Center on Rural Innovation, “Where are all the tech jobs in rural America, and where could we see more of them?” (May 2022), ruralinnovation.us/blog/where-are-tech-jobs-in-rural-america/. 38 “Persons with a Disability: Labor Force Characteristics—2022,” Bureau of Labor Statistics News Release, February 23, 2023, https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/disabl.pdf; see also Sally Lindsay et al., “A Systematic Review of the Benefits of Hiring People with Disabilities,” Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 28 (2018): 634–55, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392591/. 39 As an example, see Bradley Hague, “The Value of Thinking Differently: MITRE’s Neurodiversity@Work’s Inclusive Outreach,” MITRE, April 2,2, 2022, https://www.mitre.org/news-insights/impact-story/value-thinking-differentlymitres-neurodiversityworks-inclusive-outreach. 40 During the drafting of this strategy, the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education went through a rebranding and is now known simply by the program name “NICE.” 41 Each of NICE’s strategic plans are available at https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/nice/about/strategicplan. 42 “The Workforce Framework for Cybersecurity (NICE Framework),” Applied Cybersecurity Division / NICE, NIST, https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/nice/nice-framework-resource-center/workforce-frameworkcybersecurity-nice. 43 “DoD Cyber Workforce Framework,” DoD Cyber Exchange, https://public.cyber.mil/wid/dcwf/. 44 The following entities are members of the NCWCG, which is chaired by ONCD: the Office of Management and the Budget, the National Security Council, the Domestic Policy Council, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Economic Council, the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, the Department of Defense, the Department of Justice, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Education, the Department of Labor, the Department of Energy, the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Transportation, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the General Services Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, the National Security Agency, the National Institute for Science and Technology, the Office of Personnel Management, and the National Science Foundation. 45 Defined by the American Library Association Digital Literacy Task Force, as quoted in “Launching a Digital Literacy Accelerator: An Overview and Lessons Learned,” Office of Educational Technology, U.S. Department of Education, p. 1, https://tech.ed.gov/files/2022/10/DLA_Report_Launching_Digital_Literacy_Accelerator.pdf. 46 White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, “2022 Progress Report on the Implementation of the Federal STEM Education Strategic Plan,” January 2023, p. 12, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wpcontent/uploads/2023/02/Final_2022_CoSTEM_Progress_Report.pdf. 47 Digital US Coalition, “Building a Digitally Resilient Workforce: Creating On-Ramps to Opportunity,” May 2020, p. 6, https://digitalus.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/DigitalUS-Report-pages-20200602.pdf. 48 For more on digital inclusion plans, see ���Five Digital Inclusion Trends in the United States,” National Telecommunications and Information Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, https://ntia.gov/blog/fivedigital-inclusion-trends-united-states. 49 Digital US homepage, https://digitalus.org/. 50 “10 Transformation Pathways for States,” National Governors Association, https://www.nga.org/futureworkforce/pathways/close-technological-and-digital-literacy-gaps/. 51 “Open Knowledge Network: Summary of the Big Data IWG Workshop, October 4–5, 2017,” Executive Office of the President of the United States, https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/Open-Knowledge-Network-Workshop-Report-2018.pdf. 52 “Digital Skills in Pennsylvania,” Opendata PA, https://data.pa.gov/stories/s/PA-Digital-Literacy-Programs/bry2xj2e. 53 “Welcome to the State Digital Equity Scorecard,” https://digital-skills-map.digitalinclusion.org/. 35 53 NATIONAL CYBER WORKFORCE AND EDUCATION STRATEGY