 Multisector partners should be united by a common vision of cyber education and workforce development, and engaged in collaboration, public-private partnerships, information sharing and problem solving to expand access to cyber learning opportunities 18 These strategies and long term plans must advance accessible, inclusive cyber learning opportunities across multiple education stages and career pathways. 19 Opportunities are necessary to successfully enter into cyber careers from education and training programs that embrace not only science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), but also business, social sciences, law the humanities, and other disciplines; 20 A successful ecosystem approach requires continuous evaluation and improvement of education and workforce development activities; 21 Communication and transparency builds support and advance best practices; 22 Experiential learning that develops technical skills as well as other professional skills needed in the workplace broaden the on-ramps to cyber careers by enabling students of different backgrounds and majors to learn cyber skills 23 “Workforce Development,” U.S. Department of Commerce, https://www.commerce.gov/issues/workforcedevelopment. 24 Initiatives that provide potential models include the Carolina Cyber Network, https://www.carolinacybernetwork.net/; CyberVirginia, https://www.cyberva.virginia.gov/; and the MassCyberCenter, https://masscybercenter.org/. 25 U.S. Department of Energy, “National Cyber-Informed Engineering Strategy,” June 2022, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2022-06/FINAL%20DOE%20National%20CIE%20Strategy%20%20June%202022_0.pdf. See also the 2021 NIST update to Special Publication 800-160, “Developing Cyber-Resilient Systems: A Systems Security Engineering Approach,” https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-160/vol-2-rev1/final. 26 This strategy uses the definitions of these terms found in EO 14035, “Executive Order on Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in the Federal Workforce,” June 25, 2021, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefingroom/presidential-actions/2021/06/25/executive-order-on-diversity-equity-inclusion-and-accessibility-in-the-federalworkforce/. 27 Jason Reed and Jonathan Acost-Rubio, “Innovation Through Inclusion: The Multicultural Cybersecurity Workforce,” (ISC)2 Global Information Security Workforce Study, 2018, https://www.isc2.org/-/media/Files/Research/InnovationThrough-Inclusion-Report.ashx. 28 Katherine W. Phillips, “How Diversity Makes Us Smarter,” Scientific American, October 1, 2014, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-diversity-makes-us-smarter/. 29 David Rock and Heidi Grant, “Why Diverse Teams Are Smarter,” Harvard Business Review, November 4, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/11/why-diverse-teams-are-smarter. 30 “Delivering Through Diversity,” McKinsey & Company, https://www.mckinsey.com/about-us/diversity/overview; and “Diversity Wins: How Inclusion Matters,” McKinsey & Company, May 19, 2020,https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/featured%20insights/diversity%20and%20inclusion/diversity%2 0wins%20how%20inclusion%20matters/diversity-wins-how-inclusion-matters-vf.pdf. See also Robin J. Ely and David J. Thomas, “Getting Serious About Diversity,” Harvard Business Review, November–December 2020, https://hbr.org/2020/11/getting-serious-about-diversity-enough-already-with-the-business-case. 31 “(ISC)2 Cybersecurity Workforce Study, 2022,” p. 32, ISC2-Cybersecurity-Workforce-Study.ashx. 32 This strategy uses the definition of “underserved communities” found in EO 13985, “Executive Order On Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government,” January 20, 2021, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-advancing-racial-equityand-support-for-underserved-communities-through-the-federal-government/. See also EO 14091, “Further Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government.” 2023-03779.pdf (govinfo.gov) 33 Estimate provided to ONCD by (ISC)2, April 2023. 34 Women in Cybersecurity and Aleria, “Executive Summary: The State of Inclusion of Women in Cybersecurity, 2023,” https://www.wicys.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Executive-Summary-The-State-of-Inclusion-of-Women-inCybersecurity.pdf. 17 NATIONAL CYBER WORKFORCE AND EDUCATION STRATEGY 52