 APPENDIX A: Definitions Computational literacy: The ability to use information, information processing agents, digital assets, networking components, and applications and systems that, combined, allow people and organizations to interact in a digital world to solve problems, either individually or with a team; to draw meaning and reasonable conclusions from digital information in both personal and professional contexts; to safely, ethically, and securely use networks (wired and wireless) and data; and to understand how computing, data, and connectivity affects society (Source: https:// www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Final_2022_CoSTEM_Progress_Report.pdf, p. 12). Cyber: A term that refers to both information and communications networks (Source: https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/cyber). Cyber education and workforce development ecosystem: Ideal cyber education and workforce development systems may involve learners (students, job seekers, and employees), employers, educators, trainers, government at all levels, non-profit organizations, philanthropists, and other influential civil society organizations; include multisector partners united by a common vision of cyber education or workforce development; seek to advance accessible, inclusive cyber learning opportunities across all education stages and career pathways; continuously evaluate their activities and adapt as needed; plan for the long term; communicate their work broadly to build support and advance best practices; and reflect the multidisciplinary nature of cyber roles, embracing not only science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) but also other disciplines, including business, the social sciences, and the humanities (Source: adapted from the definition of a STEM education ecosystem, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2021-CoSTEMProgress-Report-OSTP.pdf, p. 4, n. 5). Cyber workforce: Those who design, build, secure, operate, analyze, protect, and defend cyberspace resources. It encompasses those who work in the frequently overlapping fields of technology manufacturing, software development, information technology (IT), operational technology (OT)/industrial control systems (ICS), cybersecurity, cyberspace operations, cyber investigations and prosecutions, some intelligence roles, and related research and development. The cyber workforce also includes those who lead or support work in these fields through activities that include governance, law and compliance, policy, strategy and planning, privacy, acquisition, program and program management, and workforce management and development (Source: adapted from DoD Directive 8140.01, “Cyberspace Workforce Management,” October 5, 2020, https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/814001p.pdf, and informed by the NICE Framework, https://www.nist.gov/itl/applied-cybersecurity/nice/niceframework-resource-center/getting-started). Cybersecurity: Prevention of damage to, protection of, and restoration of computers, electronic communications systems, electronic communications services, wire communication, and electronic communication, including information contained therein, to ensure its availability, integrity, NATIONAL CYBER WORKFORCE AND EDUCATION STRATEGY 44