stimulate through the Cyber Skills Academy synergies between those approaches and filling gaps, notably with targeted EU funding. Cyber defence actions  Develop the EDT Strategic Assessment to support long-term strategic investment decisions.  Develop a technology roadmap for critical cyber technologies for the EU covering critical technologies for cyber defence and cybersecurity to assess the level of dependencies.  Propose ways forward to reduce dependencies using all the EU instruments including DEP, Horizon Europe and EDF, and anticipate technological development to increase technological sovereignty and ensure ability to act.  Support the development of cyber defence skills certification framework.  Develop EU cyber defence exercises and explore how to further develop the ESDC Cyber ETEE platform to generate more training capacities. Civilian support actions  Establish an EU Cyber Skills Academy, considering needs for specific skills for different professional profiles and sectors of activity, including in the defence work force.  Analyse approaches for certifying cyber skills, while seeking to promote synergies and fill gaps, including through EU funding. 4. Partner to address common challenges Partners will benefit from a more capable and resilient EU in cyber space, as well as from EU cyber defence assistance and capacity building provided through relevant EU instruments. The EU will seek to establish tailored partnerships in the area of cyber defence where these are mutually beneficial. Partnerships on cyber defence will also be addressed in the context of partner countries’ participation in military CSDP missions and operations. Where appropriate, this work will build on existing cyber dialogues, as well as security and defence dialogues. The High Representative will also explore synergies between the informal EU Cyber Diplomacy Network and the network of defence attachés in EU Delegations. 4.1. Cooperation with NATO The EU’s strategic partnership with NATO remains essential for Euro-Atlantic security as underlined in the Strategic Compass and NATO’s 2022 Strategic Concept 59. The EU remains fully committed to enhancing this key partnership, including in the area of cyber defence, and further steps need to be taken to develop shared solutions to common threats and challenges. In accordance with the Warsaw and Brussels Joint Declarations on EU-NATO cooperation60 and based on the principles of transparency, reciprocity and inclusiveness, openness and as well as the decision-making autonomy of both organisations, cybersecurity and cyber defence constitute one of the EU key priority areas for cooperation. 59 60 https://www.nato.int/strategic-concept/ Signed in 2016 and 2018 respectively 18