4.1 ‫جهبد اٌزهذَذ‬ Threat Agents The Global Cyber threat landscape is driven by the socio-political context as threat actors discover and attack gaps in information network security. The most likely threats to Jordan are: ٢ُٔ‫ذ حُؼخ‬ٜ‫ حُٔش‬٠ِ‫ ػ‬٢‫خع‬٤‫حُغ‬ٝ ٢‫خم حالؿظٔخػ‬٤‫ئػش حُغ‬٣ ٠ِ‫ذ ػ‬٣‫ذ‬ٜ‫خص حُظ‬ٜ‫غ طؼَٔ ؿ‬٤‫ ك‬،‫ش‬٤ٗ‫زشح‬٤‫ذحص حُغ‬٣‫ذ‬ٜ‫ُِظ‬ ‫ٓخص‬ِٞ‫ أٖٓ شزٌخص حُٔؼ‬٢‫حًظشخف حُؼـشحص ك‬ ٕ‫ٌٖٔ أ‬٣ ٢‫ذحص حُظ‬٣‫ذ‬ٜ‫ أرشص حُظ‬٢ِ٣ ‫ٔخ‬٤‫ك‬ٝ ،‫خ‬ٜ‫خؿٔظ‬ٜٓٝ :ٕ‫ حألسد‬٠ِ‫طئػش ػ‬ ‫ش‬٤‫خذٓخص حالعظخزخسحص حألؿ٘ز‬ Foreign Intelligence Services Foreign Intelligence Services (FIS) continue to represent the greatest threat globally to the information assets of governments through direct external attacks on their systems and the subversion of their personnel. َ‫) طٔؼ‬FIS( ‫ش‬٤‫ال طضحٍ خذٓخص حالعظخزخسحص حألؿ٘ز‬ ‫ٓخص حُخخطش‬ِٞ‫ٍ حُٔؼ‬ٞ‫ ألط‬٢ُٔ‫ذ ػخ‬٣‫ذ‬ٜ‫أًزش ط‬ ٠ِ‫ش حُٔزخششس ػ‬٤‫ـٔخص حُخخسؿ‬ُٜ‫ٓخص ٖٓ خالٍ ح‬ٌٞ‫رخُل‬ .‫خ‬ٜ‫ـٔخط‬ٜ‫ٓخص ر‬ٌٞ‫ حُل‬٢‫ظل‬ٞٓ ‫ذحف‬ٜ‫حعظ‬ٝ ‫خ‬ٜ‫أٗظٔظ‬ Terrorism and geo-political disruption The risk of terrorism is a global threat to information, personnel and physical assets through direct physical attacks on facilities, people or assets and increasingly sophisticated cyber-based attacks. Some Nation states seek to undermine regional and national stability by cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure, including energy, transportation, utilities and food and construction and accusations of interference in democratic processes. ‫ش‬٤‫خع‬٤‫ع‬ٞ٤‫حالػطشحرخص حُـ‬ٝ ‫خد‬ٛ‫حإلس‬ ‫ٓخص‬ِٞ‫خ ُِٔؼ‬٤ُٝ‫ذح د‬٣‫ذ‬ٜ‫خد ط‬ٛ‫ؼظزش خطش حإلس‬٣ ٍ‫رُي ٖٓ خال‬ٝ ،‫ش‬٣‫ٍ حُٔخد‬ٞ‫ُألط‬ٝ ٖ٤‫ظل‬ُِٞٔٝ ‫سس‬ٞ‫ش حُٔظط‬٤ٗ‫زشح‬٤‫ـٔخص حُغ‬ُٜ‫ ح‬ٝ‫ـٔخص حُٔزخششس أ‬ُٜ‫ح‬ ‫ رؼغ‬٠‫طغؼ‬ٝ ،‫ حألشخخص‬ٝ‫ٍ أ‬ٞ‫ حألط‬ٝ‫ حُٔ٘شآص أ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬ ٢ٔ٤ِ‫حإله‬ٝ ٢٘‫ؽ‬ُٞ‫ صػضػش حالعظوشحس ح‬٠ُ‫ٍ ًزُي ا‬ٝ‫حُذ‬ ‫ش‬٤‫ حُظلظ‬٠٘‫ حُز‬٠ِ‫ش ػ‬٤ٗ‫زشح‬٤‫ـٔخص حُغ‬ُٜ‫ٖٓ خالٍ ح‬ ‫حُخذٓخص‬ٝ َ‫حُ٘و‬ٝ ‫خ ٓشحكن حُطخهش‬ٜ٤‫ رٔخ ك‬،‫ش‬٤‫حألعخع‬ ‫خٓخص‬ٜ‫زح كؼال ػٖ حالط‬ٛ ،‫حإلٗشخءحص‬ٝ ‫حُـزحء‬ٝ ‫حُؼخٓش‬ .‫ش‬٤‫هشحؽ‬ٞٔ٣‫ش حُذ‬٤ِٔ‫ حُؼ‬٢‫رخُظذخَ ك‬ Hacktivists Hacktivists are activists that use technical tools and means to gain unauthorised access to computer files or networks to further or showcase political, social, ideological, or religious messages through illegal or legally-ambiguous methods. )Hacktivists( ٕٞ‫حُوشحط٘ش حُ٘خشط‬ ‫حص‬ٝ‫ٕ حألد‬ٞٓ‫غظخذ‬٣ ٕٞ‫ْ ٗخشط‬ٛ ٕٞ‫حُوشحط٘ش حُ٘خشط‬ ‫ ِٓلخص‬٠ُ‫ ا‬ٚ‫ش حُٔظشف ر‬٤‫ٍ ؿ‬ٞ‫ط‬ُِٞ ‫ش‬٤٘‫عخثَ حُظو‬ُٞ‫ح‬ٝ َ‫ظخٍ سعخث‬٣‫ ا‬ٝ‫د ٖٓ أؿَ دػْ أ‬ٞ‫ شزٌخص حُلخع‬ٝ‫أ‬ ٍ‫ش ٖٓ خال‬٤٘٣‫ د‬ٝ‫ش أ‬٤‫ؿ‬ُٞٞ٣‫ذ‬٣‫ أ‬ٝ‫ش أ‬٤‫ حؿظٔخػ‬ٝ‫خعش أ‬٤‫ع‬ .‫خ‬٤ٗٞٗ‫ هخ‬ٝ‫ش ح‬٤ٗٞٗ‫ش هخ‬٤‫عخثَ ؿ‬ٝ Insiders Humans are the biggest cyber security vulnerability leading to information security breaches either intentionally or unintentionally. They can be the result of a single employee‟s carelessness or a disgruntled employee seeking to deliberately undermine an organisation or another employee. (Insider) ٕٞ٤ِ‫ٕ حُذحخ‬ٞ‫حُٔطِؼ‬ ‫ أًزش‬٢ٗ‫زشح‬٤‫ ٓـخٍ حألٖٓ حُغ‬٢‫ ك‬١‫ٔؼَ حُؼ٘ظش حُزشش‬٣ ‫حء‬ٞ‫ٓخص ع‬ِٞ‫خى أٖٓ حُٔؼ‬ٜ‫ حٗظ‬٠ُ‫ ا‬١‫ئد‬٣ ‫ػخَٓ ػؼق‬ ٙ‫ز‬ٛ ‫ٌٖٔ إٔ ط٘ظؾ‬٣ ‫غ‬٤‫ ك‬،‫ش هظذ‬٤‫ رـ‬ٝ‫روظذ أ‬ ٖ‫ ػ‬ٝ‫ حألهَ أ‬٠ِ‫حكذ ػ‬ٝ ‫ظق‬ٞٓ ٍ‫ٔخ‬ٛ‫خًخص ػٖ ا‬ٜ‫حالٗظ‬ ‫ظق‬ٞٔ‫ ر‬ٝ‫ حإلػشحس رخُٔئعغش أ‬٢‫ظق ٗخهْ ك‬ٞٓ ‫سؿزش‬ .‫آخش رشٌَ ٓظؼٔذ‬ Crime and Corruption ‫حُلغخد‬ٝ ‫ٔش‬٣‫حُـش‬ َ‫عخث‬ٝ ‫غ‬٤ٔ‫ذ طغظخذّ ؿ‬٣‫ذ‬ٜ‫خص حُظ‬ٜ‫ف إٔ ؿ‬ٝ‫ٖٓ حُٔؼش‬ ٞ‫ ٗل‬٠ِ‫ حإلٗظشٗض ػ‬ٞٓ‫غظـَ ٓـش‬٣ ‫ ار‬،‫ّ حٌُٔٔ٘ش‬ٞ‫ـ‬ُٜ‫ح‬ ‫ اخلخء‬٠ِ‫حُوذسس ػ‬ٝ ‫ُش‬ٜٞ‫حُغ‬ٝ ‫ذ خظخثض حُغشػش‬٣‫ٓظضح‬ ‫ػش‬ٞ٘‫ش ٓظ‬٤ٓ‫ حإلٗظشٗض السطٌخد أٗشطش اؿشح‬٠ِ‫ش ػ‬٣ُٜٞ‫ح‬ ‫ ٓخ‬ٞٛٝ ،‫ش‬٤‫ حالكظشحػ‬ٝ‫ش أ‬٣‫حء حُٔخد‬ٞ‫د ع‬ٝ‫ال طؼشف حُلذ‬ ‫ذحص‬٣‫ذ‬ٜ‫خ ُظ‬٣‫ؼشع حُؼلخ‬٣ٝ ‫ أػشحس رخُـش‬٠ُ‫ ا‬١‫ئد‬٣ .ُْ‫غ أٗلخء حُؼخ‬٤ٔ‫ ؿ‬٢‫ش ك‬٤‫و‬٤‫كو‬ Threat actors are known to use all feasible attack vectors and increasingly Cyber criminals are exploiting the speed, convenience and anonymity of the Internet to commit a diverse range of criminal activities that know no borders, either physical or virtual, cause serious harm and pose very real threats to victims worldwide. National Cyber Security Strategy 2018-2023 4.1 Page 8 of 29 2023 – 2018 ٢ٗ‫زشح‬٤‫ش ُألٖٓ حُغ‬٤٘‫ؽ‬ُٞ‫ش ح‬٤‫ـ‬٤‫حالعظشحط‬