6.Cybersecurity knowledge development Knowledge is an extremely important asset in the Netherlands. Dutch society, and digital security in particular, depends on the development and use of knowledge, which is why ambitions in the field of knowledge development are essential in the NCSA. There is an urgent need to maintain and deepen highquality cybersecurity knowledge development in the Netherlands. Intensifying sufficient and high-quality development of both fundamental and applied cybersecurity research is crucial in this regard. Cybersecurity knowledge development is needed to be able to implement measures to avert existing and new digital threats. Moreover, high-quality autonomous knowledge helps to avoid over-reliance on cybersecurity expertise and cybersecurity solutions from other countries. Cybersecurity knowledge development does not only apply to natural sciences, but to arts and humanities and social sciences as well. It concerns both monodisciplinary and interdisciplinary research into short and long term solutions. When doing so, it is extremely important for such research to cover the entire knowledge chain. Cybersecurity research in the Netherlands is of a high standard. Numerous parties, such as universities, universities of applied sciences, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research [Nederlands Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO], businesses and central government, are investing in this research. Successive editions of the National Cyber Security Research Agenda (NCSRA) have formed an important framework for cybersecurity in recent years. As a result of investments in cybersecurity research in 9 neighbouring countries, a multi-year boost for cybersecurity research is needed in the Netherlands to maintain talent, and thereby our own knowledge position in the area of cybersecurity. In addition, there is a growing demand from the business community and public authorities for innovative solutions to cybersecurity issues and well-trained personnel. This shortage on the labour market leads to scarce cybersecurity knowledge in organisations, which makes them insufficiently resilient to digital threats. It is equally important that citizens and businesses also continue to develop their knowledge to protect themselves against digital threats. In addition to its task in the field of cybersecurity research, Dcypher9 (set up by the Ministry of Justice and Security, Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research [Nederlands Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO] in 2016) was also given a task in the field of cybersecurity higher education. It has charted the field of higher education in the Netherlands, which has facilitated mutual comparisons of degree programmes and the assessment of the skills of recent graduates who are entering the labour market. A next essential step, is an analysis of the differences between the curricula (supply) and the requirements for well-trained personnel (demand). European cooperation in this field is being pursued. Sufficient teaching capacity (in all disciplines concerned) requires further attention. Digital literacy is now part of the curriculum for primary and secondary education but given the risks to (young) Dcypher is the platform that unites researchers, lecturers, producers, users and policy-makers in the Netherlands to improve knowledge about and expertise in cybersecurity. A cyber secure Netherlands National Cyber Security Agenda | 39