5. Successful barriers against cybercrime EXAMINATION OF THE PROBLEM Criminals pursue their activities on a large scale via the Internet: one in nine people were victim of cybercrime in 2017. The term cybercrime covers a broad range of criminal actions, from classic crime in digital form to new crime. This involves, for instance, hacking computers to transfer money to criminal bank accounts or turning on cameras and microphones undetected to be able to spy on people in their own surroundings. Professional criminals primarily target private organisations and citizens to steal data which can then be sold-on or published. Threats to national security within the framework of cybersecurity are often criminal acts targeting digital infrastructure and the devices connected to it. The approach to these crimes primarily focuses on new crime, or cybercrime in a strict sense. The approach to cybercrime focuses on the prevention and combating of crimes and on limiting the number of victims, perpetrators and recidivism rates. This concerns both hightech crime and common crime. Digital investigation is also important in more classical crimes in which the internet is a tool, such as the drugs trade and fraud. These types of crime are outside the scope of this strategy. The efforts to strengthen cybersecurity and tackle cybercrime are implemented in conjunction with each other, and nowhere more explicitly so than in the field of preventive measures. Secure hardware and software is an important barrier in the prevention of digital threats. When this hardware and software is exploited because of vulnerabilities, it encourages cybercrime. Security of this software and hardware is extremely important and this will have to be developed together with the providers of hardware and software. This is set out in greater detail in Ambition 3 of the NCSA. This applies in equal measure to the secure use of hardware and software by citizens and businesses. This is also set out in Ambition 6. In addition to this, the National High Tech Crime Unit (Dutch National Police) and the Public Prosecution Service's National Unit have gained considerable experience in countering advanced threats to national security in recent years. The knowledge and expertise they have gained will be used in the approach to cybercrime. Cybercriminals keep on developing their methods. The powers of the Police and the Ministry of Justice must keep in step. OBJECTIVES • There are effective barriers that resist cybercriminals. • The efforts to strengthen cybersecurity and tackle cybercrime are implemented in conjunction with each other. Cooperation between public authorities and the business community, citizens and civil society organisations is extremely important in this respect. • For cybersecurity, it is important that investigative powers keep step with the developments in the working methods of cybercriminals so that threats to national security can be addressed. MEASURES o Following acceptance by the Dutch Senate, Computer Crime Act III will be implemented expeditiously. This will strengthen the Police and the Ministry of Justice's capabilities to investigate digital attacks by criminals, on critical sectors for instance. The Act will be evaluated two years after coming into effect. A cyber secure Netherlands National Cyber Security Agenda | 35