- In order to achieve the sustainable development of cyberspace as a space to generate new values, cyberspace must be open to all stakeholders without restricting possibilities of linking diverse ideas and knowledge. Japan firmly adheres to the position that cyberspace must not be exclusively dominated by some a certain group of stakeholders therein. This encompasses the idea that all stakeholders should be given equal opportunities. (iv) Autonomy - It is inappropriate and impossible for a nation to take on the entire role of maintaining order in cyberspace to sustainably develop as a space where order and creativity coexist. - To maintain order in cyberspace, various social systems should autonomously fulfill their roles and functions, thereby increasing society’s resilience as a whole and deterring the activities of malicious actors. (v) Collaboration among multi-stakeholders - For the sustainable development of cyberspace, all stakeholders are required to consciously fulfill their respective roles and responsibilities. To do so, coordination and collaboration are required in addition to individual efforts. - The government has the role of promoting this coordination and collaboration, while further promoting collaboration with other countries that share common values and cooperation with the international community, in light of changes of international affairs. - To meet the expectations of the people, cybersecurity policies should safeguard their free economic and social activities, secure their rights and convenience, and protect them by deterring the activities of malicious actors through law enforcement and legal systems in a timely and appropriate manner. Japan will make it clearer than ever that the nation possesses political, economic, technological, legal, diplomatic, and all other viable and effective means as national options. 3 Issues in cyberspace - Cyberspace itself has both expanded in quantity and evolved in quality through the spread of digital economy and promotion of digital transformation, and contact points with real space have expanded to cover broader areas. Moreover, cyberspace has become increasingly positioned as an important public space where all people, regardless of age, gender, or geographic location, participate to engage in social and economic activities autonomously. In addition, in circumstances where various services are offered in cyberspace, the interconnection and interrelationship between the stakeholders have evolved as a result of the popularization of the cloud services, the increased complexity of supply chains, and other factors. - Japan is aiming to realize the digital transformation’s vision of creating “a society where people can choose services that suit their needs and realize diverse forms of happiness” through the use 5