Article 32 Price control Where a market analysis indicates that a lack of effective competition means that an electronic communications undertaking with significant market power is demanding excessively high prices or that the difference between wholesale and retail prices is abnormally little, PTA may impose obligations on the electronic communications undertaking for cost orientation of prices and obligations concerning cost accounting systems, for the provision of specific types of interconnection or access. Consideration shall be shown for investments made by the electronic communications undertaking and for a reasonable rate of return on capital employed, taking into account the risks involved. Where an electronic communications undertaking has an obligation that its prices be based on cost plus a reasonable profit, the burden of proof shall lie with the undertaking concerned. PTA may require an electronic communications undertaking to prepare a cost model for calculation of prices. PTA may, for the purpose of calculating costs, take into consideration the operating costs for similar services regarded as efficiently operated, take into con-sideration prices on comparable competitive markets and use cost accounting methodsindependent of those used by the undertaking. The Minister of Communications may adopt a Regulation1) on arrangements for accounting separation of electronic communications undertakings' operations, as provided for in Article 31,including the breakdown by networks and services, and laying down detailed arrangements for cost analysis as provided for in this Article, for instance, with regard to asset valuation, depreciation, required rate of return and pre-paration of cost models. 1)Reg. 960/2001. Article 33 Access to leased lines Where effective competition does not exist on the market for leased lines or specific types of leased lines, PTA shall ensure that at least one electronic communications undertaking with significant market power offer leased lines, of the type which the PTA regards are needed on the electronic communications market, on a wholesale or retail basis. Article 34 Access to local loops An electronic communications undertaking with significant market power in public electronic communications networks and telephone services must meet all legitimate and reasonable requests from electronic communications undertakings for access to local loops and facilities associated with such access. Fees for access and facilities shall be based on costs, including a normal return on capital employed. Electronic communications undertakings with significant market power must make public reference offers for access to local loops and associated facilities. PTA may require alterations to a reference offer, 17/34