adequate framework for state conduct in cyber space. We do not see a need for an additional legally binding instrument. • Human rights, including freedom of expression, opinion and information, freedom of assembly and association, and privacy, as well as democracy and the rule of law must be respected and secured by states, and form a base for all standards and regulations for cyberspace, including the work of the OEWG. This is a prerequisite for all cyber security work. We underline the importance of ensuring a human rightsbased approach. This could be even further highlighted in the report. • The sharing of best practice could help support a more precise interpretation of international law and how it may be applied in cyber space. This could primarily be through the suggestion that Member States be invited to submit, on a voluntary basis, national views and practice on how international law applies to State use ICTs to the Cyber Policy Portal of the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. Norms, Rules and Principles of Responsible State Behaviour • We stress that voluntary norms do not replace obligations under international law and welcome that this is made clear in the report. • A strong and concrete commitment towards implementations of existing voluntary norms, which have previously been endorsed by all UN Member States, would be a key component of a report. Implementation of norms in the 2015 GGE report could therefore be even further specified, in relation to individual norms. Sweden supports the specific proposals submitted by Canada (proposed norms guidance text to include in para 37). We believe that the inclusion of these proposals would significantly add value to the report and contribute to implement existing norms, rules and principles of responsible state behaviour. • We particularly underline the need for gender perspectives to be mainstreamed into norm implementation. 3 (4)