• Specific activities should have a clear purpose and be results focused, while supporting the shared objective of an open, secure, stable, accessible and peaceful ICT environment. • Capacity-building activities should be evidence-based, politically neutral, transparent, accountable, and without conditions. • Capacity-building should be undertaken with full respect for the principle of State sovereignty. • Access to relevant technologies may need to be facilitated. Partnerships • Capacity-building should be based on mutual trust, demand-driven, correspond to nationally identified needs and priorities, and be undertaken in full recognition of national ownership. Partners in capacity-building participate voluntarily. • As capacity-building activities should be tailored to specific needs and contexts, all parties are active partners with shared but differentiated responsibilities, including to collaborate in the design, execution and monitoring and evaluation of capacity-building activities. • The confidentiality of national policies and plans should be protected and respected by all partners. People • Capacity-building should respect human rights and fundamental freedoms, be gender sensitive and inclusive, universal and non-discriminatory. • The confidentiality of sensitive information should be ensured. 87. States agreed that capacity-building is a shared responsibility as well as a reciproca l endeavour, a so-called “two-way street”, in which participants learn from each other and where all sides benefit from the general improvement to global ICT security. The value of South–South, South–North, triangular, and regionally focused cooperation was also recalled. 88. States agreed that capacity-building can help to foster an understanding of and address the systemic and other risks arising from a lack of ICT security, insufficient coordination between technical and policy capacities at the national level, and the related challenges of inequalities and digital divides. Capacity-building aimed at enabling States to identify and protect national critical infrastructure and to cooperatively safeguard critical information infrastructure was deemed to be of particular importance. Information sharing and coordination at the national, regional and international levels can make capacity-building activities more effective, strategic and aligned to national priorities. 89. In addition to technical skills, institution-building and cooperative mechanisms, States agreed that there is a pressing need for building expertise across a range of diplomatic, legal, policy, legislative and regulatory areas. In this context, the importance of developing diplomatic capacities to engage in international and intergovernmental processes was highlighted. 90. States recalled the need for a concrete, action-oriented approach to capacity-building. States agreed such concrete measures could include support at both the policy and technical 16