also agreed that the further development of norms and the implementation of existing norms were not mutually exclusive but could take place in parallel. The OEWG recommends that 58. States, on a voluntary basis, survey their national efforts to implement norms, and continue to inform the Secretary-General of these national surveys to be made available through his annual report on developments in the field of ICTs in the context of international security. States further requested the UN Secretariat to compile information from these surveys in support of capacitybuilding efforts. 59. States, in partnership with relevant organizations including the United Nations, develop further voluntary guidance on the implementation of norms of responsible State behaviour, and widely disseminate this voluntary guidance at national, regional, interregional and global levels. States in a position to contribute expertise or resources to the development and dissemination of such guidance be encouraged to do so. 60. States, taking into account resolution 70/237 and n o t i n g resolution 73/27 as well as, where appropriate, the non-paper of proposals made by States at this OEWG referred to in paragraph 51, continue to consider and undertake discussions at the multilateral level on international rules, norms and principles of responsible behaviour of States in the use of ICTs in the context of international security, including their implementation. Commented [A22]: Merge recommendations at para 41, 58, 72 and 92 into one recommendation (para 118biz): “States, on a voluntary basis, are encouraged to survey and report national implementation of the assessments and recommendations in this report, as well as those in A/70/174 (as endorsed in A/Res/70/237), including through the attached model “National Survey of Implementation of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 70/237”, as part of the invitation to Member States to continue to inform the Secretary-General of their views and assessments on the issue of developments in the field of ICTs in the context of international security. States are encouraged to further develop templates in support of such efforts. ” Commented [A23]: Must distinguish between consensus and non-consensus resolutions E. Confidence-building Measures 61. Confidence-building measures (CBMs), which comprise transparency, cooperative and stability measures can contribute to preventing conflicts, avoiding misperception and misunderstandings, and provide a “safety valve” for the reduction of tensions. They are a concrete expression of international cooperation. With the necessary resources, capacities and engagement, CBMs can strengthen the overall security, resilience and peaceful use of ICTs. CBMs can also support implementation of norms of responsible State behaviour, in that they foster trust and ensure greater clarity, predictability and stability in the use of ICTs by States. Together with the other pillars of the framework for responsible State behaviour, CBMs can also help build common understandings among States, thereby contributing to a more peaceful international environment. 62. As CBMs are voluntary engagements taken progressively, they can be a first step to addressing mistrust between States by establishing communication, building bridges and initiating cooperation on a shared objective of mutual interest. As such, CBMs may lay the foundations for expanded, additional or more structured arrangements and agreements in the future. Discussions 63. In their discussions at the OEWG, States noted the continuing relevance of the CBMs recommended in the consensus GGE reports. Several measures were highlighted as requiring 11 Commented [A24]: Transfer para 63 to conclusions section if discussion sections are deleted