E/CN.15/2014/CRP.1 victims across borders. Increasingly, commercial sexual exploitation of children business operators encourage their customers to pay additional fees for the recording of their exploits in the form of child sexual abuse material.236 In a recent United States based survey, 85 per cent of respondents said that they had encountered transnational groups that operate lucrative, profit-motivated child sex abuse material websites.237 The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe noted in a 2006 report that organized crime groups are increasingly using child sex abuse material websites to steal identities and even to extort money from users. Child sexual abuse material consumers are easy targets because they fear police involvement.238 Members of commercial groups, by definition, are in the business of distributing child sexual abuse material for financial or other gain. While observers agree that the commercial child sexual abuse material-sector is large, estimates of its exact size vary. The UN Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography estimates that the criminal child sexual abuse material-market generates between 3 billion and 20 billion US dollars annually.239 Other estimates place the market at 250 million US dollars per year.240 Suppliers of child sexual abuse material may specialize in particular types of child sexual abuse material or operate multiple sites to cater to customers’ varying demands. Commercial groups may further operate child sexual abuse material websites as a means of obtaining credit card payment information for use in other crimes. __________________ 236 237 238 239 240 U.S. Department of Justice, 2010. Pp. 25-26. Ibid. P. D-12. CSCE, 2006. P. 75.. A/HRC/12/23. Paragraph 44. UNODC, 2010. Trafficking in Persons to Europe. The Globalization of Crime — A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment. P. 13. Available at http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/TOCTA_Report_2010_low_res.pdf. V.14-03040 35