A/77/92 the protection of computer emergency response teams and cybersecurity incident response teams; (b) In late 2022, the Office for Disarmament Affairs and Singapore will co-organize the United Nations-Singapore Cyber Fellowship, a programme that is designed to equip senior government officials from States Members of the United Nations with the necessary interdisciplinary expertise to effectively oversee national cybersecurity and digital security policy, strategy and operations. Confidence-building measures Singapore is also of the view that further efforts should be undertaken by the international community to develop confidence-building measures in support of the agreed normative framework, given that such measures have the potential to reduce the risk of misunderstandings occurring, as well as prevent and de -escalate conflict in cyberspace. In line with this, Singapore supports the establishment of a global directory of national points of contact at the operati onal or technical level, as recommended by the Open-Ended Working Group on Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security. In the second half of 2022, Singapore will also conduct the first of a seri es of table-top exercises for national cyber points of contact in partnership with the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR). The exercises will (a) provide an opportunity for all States Members of the United Nations to participate in a substantive cyberexercise regardless of current technical capacity and/or regional organization affiliation status; (b) improve the capabilities of national cyber points of contact to respond to real-world incidents and cybercrises; and (c) demonstrate the effectiveness and value of the proposed global directory of points of contact. Such exercises have previously been organized at the regional level between computer emergency response teams, but have not been open to all interested States Members of the United Nations, especially those outside of established regional computer emergency response team networks. To address this, Singapore’s the table -top exercise programme will be the first exercise open to all Member States. National-level efforts At the national level, Singapore has continued to strengthen the cybersecurity of its systems and networks on three fronts, namely, building a resilient infrastructure, enabling a safer cyberspace and developing a vibrant cybersecurity ecosystem. Building a resilient infrastructure Entities owning and operating our core digital infrastructure have to abide by a cybersecurity code of practice, which details cyberhygiene measures that such entities should practice, such as keeping systems and software updated, maintaining updated backups of key data and detecting cyberintrusions swiftly. Alerts and advisories are also issued when needed to complement the code of practice to address evolving threats (e.g. ransomware). In addition, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore launched the Operational Technology Cybersecurity Master Plan in 2019 as part of our efforts to enhance the security and resilience of the critical information infrastructure sectors of Singapore in delivering essential services. The Ma ster Plan is aimed at improving cross-sector response to mitigate cyberthreats in the operational technology environment and strengthen partnerships with industry and stakeholders by outlining key initiatives covering the areas of people, processes and tec hnology to enhance the capacities of our critical information infrastructure owners and organizations that operate operational technology systems. The Agency also launched the operational technology core competency framework, which enterprises can leverage to establish processes, structures or jobs to manage operational technology 22-08761 19/34