A/75/123 education and research in cybersecurity. For example, in 2019, the Centre for Cyber Security collaborated with the Copenhagen School of Design and Technology, Aalborg University, the University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen Business School, and the Technical University of Denmark to conduct the first-ever Cyber Security Summer School. In 2019, a public-private Cyber Security Council (Cybersikkerhedsråd) was established to qualify the work of the national authorities and the private sector, strengthen digital democracy and improve the knowledge of the threats and opportunities brought about by digitization and new technologies. With the Danish Cyber and Information Security Strategy 2018–2021, Denmark has also strengthened its international cyberengagement by posting cyberattachés in Brussels; appointing an international cybercoordinator in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; appointing a cybersecurity adviser to the Office of Denmark’s Tech Ambassador in Silicon Valley; and joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence in Tallinn. This has allowed Denmark to step up its engagement in multinational cyberforums, such as the United Nations, the European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Denmark is also an active member of the Network Information Security Cooperation Group and the computer security incident response team network and is a member of the board of the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity. Through its engagement in these forums, Denmark has consistently promoted a global, open, stable, peaceful and secure cyberspace. Moreover, Denmark played an active role in the development of the European Union 5G toolbox. The toolbox seeks to identify a coordinated European approach to 5G based on a common set of measures, aimed at mitigating the main cybersecurity risks of 5G networks. Denmark stresses that, as the international community has made clear, cyberspace is firmly rooted in existing international law, as the Groups of Governmental Experts on Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security have attested in their 2013 and 2015 consensus reports. Existing international law, including the Charter of the United Nations in its entirety, international humanitarian law and international human rights law, applies to States’ behaviour in cyberspace. Denmark furthermore stresses the importance of the 11 voluntary non-binding norms for responsible State behaviour articulated in the 2015 Group of Governmental Experts reports, as a complement to binding international law. Despite our joint efforts, the ability and willingness of State and non-State actors to conduct malicious cyberactivities are still increasing. That should be of global concern. Malicious activities in cyberspace may constitute wrongful acts under international law, as well as being destabilizing and risking escalation. Denmark remains determined to prevent, deter and respond to malicious activities and seek to enhance international cooperation to this effect. Denmark joins the European Union in calling on the international community to strengthen international cooperation in favour of a global, open, stable, peaceful and secure cyberspace where human rights, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law fully apply. The content of the concepts mentioned in the reports of the Group of Governmental Experts Existing and emerging threats As mentioned, Denmark recognizes that cyberspace holds tremendous opportunities for increasing welfare, boosting sustainable economic growth and 28/84 20-08285