INTRODUCTION   The  health,  safety,  security,  economic  well-­‐being  of  ci3zens,  effec3ve  func3oning   of  government  and  perhaps  even  the  survival  of  the  industrialised  world  relies   heavily  upon  interconnected  cri3cal  systems.    A  country  may  experience  widespread  disrup3on,  or  even  experience  loss  of   human  life  if  these  systems  become  inoperable.     The  reliability,  stability  and  protec3on  of  interconnec3ng  informa3on   infrastructures  have  become  key  to  the  opera3on  of  a  na3on’s  cri3cal  systems.   Na5onal  cri5cal  informa5on  infrastructures  (CII)  include  informa5on   infrastructures,  which  support  essen5al  components  vital  to  a  na5onal   economy.     They  usually  comprise  of  a  number  of  different  infrastructures,  interconnec3ons   and  cri3cal  informa3on  flows  between  them.     Tradi3onally  closed  opera3onal  technology  systems  are  now  being  given  IP   addresses.   This  allow  cyber  threats  to  make  their  way  out  of  the  back-­‐office  systems  and  into   cri3cal  infrastructures  such  as  power  genera3on,  transporta3on  and  other   automa3on  systems.       Page  §  5  

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