INTRODUCTION
The
health,
safety,
security,
economic
well-‐being
of
ci3zens,
effec3ve
func3oning
of
government
and
perhaps
even
the
survival
of
the
industrialised
world
relies
heavily
upon
interconnected
cri3cal
systems.
A
country
may
experience
widespread
disrup3on,
or
even
experience
loss
of
human
life
if
these
systems
become
inoperable.
The
reliability,
stability
and
protec3on
of
interconnec3ng
informa3on
infrastructures
have
become
key
to
the
opera3on
of
a
na3on’s
cri3cal
systems.
Na5onal
cri5cal
informa5on
infrastructures
(CII)
include
informa5on
infrastructures,
which
support
essen5al
components
vital
to
a
na5onal
economy.
They
usually
comprise
of
a
number
of
different
infrastructures,
interconnec3ons
and
cri3cal
informa3on
flows
between
them.
Tradi3onally
closed
opera3onal
technology
systems
are
now
being
given
IP
addresses.
This
allow
cyber
threats
to
make
their
way
out
of
the
back-‐office
systems
and
into
cri3cal
infrastructures
such
as
power
genera3on,
transporta3on
and
other
automa3on
systems.
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