7.4 PROMOTION OF VALUES Cybersecurity strategies may arise out the desire by countries to confront cyber threats without losing focus on national values. Some of the values are universal. For example, the ITU Child Online Protection is a success because most stakeholders agree on the need to protect children from information and material injurious to their well-being. Other 47 values are country specific. For example, the US has issued an international strategy to ensure that cyberspace reflects that country’s “core commitments to fundamental freedoms, privacy, and the free flow of information.” Other values include ensuring that cyberspace supports free trade, human rights and democracy. We would like to stress that the ITU does not have views on national values. It is every States’ sovereign right to agree what constitutes national values. Figure 11 below indicates that States often struggle to balance cybersecurity and the openness of the Internet. # STATE PROMOTION OF VALUES END Australia (2009) Australian Values Australia must pursue cyber security policies that enhance individual and collective security while preserving Australians’ right to privacy and other fundamental values and freedoms. Czech Republic (2011) Respect Principles The government of the Czech Republic will adopt necessary measures to protect and guarantee national cyber security. These measures will respect privacy, fundamental rights and liberties, free access to information and other democratic principles. Holland (2011) Appropriate Balance An appropriate balance must remain between, on the one hand, our desire for public and national security and, on the other, the safeguarding of our fundamental rights. UK (2009) Balancing Security and Rights A fundamental challenge for any government is to balance measures intended to protect security and the right to life with the impact they may have on the other rights that we cherish and which form the basis of our society. Figure 11 – Promotion of Values in National Cybersecurity Strategies 7.5 FAVOURABLE WORLD ORDER We see this as a macro-national interest category. The case for a favourable world order covers the economic, social and diplomatic policies that a State may deploy to ensure that cyberspace promote its values and safeguard its interests in the community of nations. For example, some States may seek to use cyberspace as a tool for promoting national values such as democracy and other universal rights. On the contrary, other States may prefer to ensure that cyberspace preserves stability and national unity. In common with the promotion of values, we stress that the ITU does not hold views on sovereign rights. Let us consider how the US seeks to promote a favourable order. 47 US Strategy is at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/international_strategy_for_cyberspace.pdf 44