c) To ensure the full use of the forces of production, particularly by making every effort to ensure the
efficiency of the public sector;
d) To promote the economic and social cohesion of the whole country by guiding development in the
direction of a balanced growth in every sector and region and progressively eliminating the economic and
social differences between town and country and between the coastal strip and the inland areas;
e) To promote the correction of the inequalities derived from the autonomous regions’ insular nature and
encourage those regions’ progressive integration into broader economic areas within a national or
international framework;
f) To ensure the efficient operation of the markets, in such a way as to guarantee a balanced competition
between enterprises, counter monopolistic forms of organisation and repress abuses of dominant positions
and other practices that are harmful to the general interest;
g) To develop economic relations with all peoples, while always safeguarding national independence and
the interests of the Portuguese people and the country’s economy;
h) To eliminate very large estates and restructure small farms;
i) To guarantee the defence of consumer rights and interests;
j) To create the legal and technical instruments needed to democratically plan economic and social
development;
l) To ensure the existence of a science and technology policy that favours the country’s development;
m) To adopt a national energy policy that preserves natural resources and the ecological balance, while
promoting international cooperation in this domain;
n) To adopt a national water policy that uses, plans and manages water resources rationally.
Article 82
(Sectors of ownership of the means of production)
1. The coexistence of three sectors of ownership of the means of production is guaranteed.
2. The public sector comprises the means of production that rightly belong to and are managed by the
state or other public entities.
3. Without prejudice to the provisions of the following paragraph, the private sector comprises the means
of production that rightly belong to or are managed by private individuals or private groups.
4. The cooperative and social sector specifically comprises:
a) Means of production that cooperatives possess and manage in accordance with cooperative principles,
without prejudice to the specific provisions that are laid down by law for cooperatives in which the public
sector holds a stake and are justified by the special nature thereof;
b) Community means of production possessed and managed by local communities;
c) Means of production operated by worker collectives;
d) Means of production possessed and managed by not-for-profit legal persons whose primary objective
is social solidarity, particularly entities of a mutualist nature.