3. Spouses have equal rights and duties in relation to their civil and political capacity and to the
maintenance and education of their children.
4. Children born outside wedlock may not be the object of any discrimination for that reason, and neither
the law, nor official departments or services may employ discriminatory terms in relation to filiation.
5. Parents have the right and the duty to educate and maintain their children.
6. Children may not be separated from their parents, save when the latter do not fulfil their fundamental
duties towards them, and then always by judicial decision.
7. Adoption shall be regulated and protected in accordance with the law, which must lay down swift
forms for completion of the respective procedural requirements.
Article 37
(Freedom of expression and information)
1. Everyone has the right to freely express and divulge his thoughts in words, images or by any other
means, as well as the right to inform others, inform himself and be informed without hindrance or
discrimination.
2. Exercise of these rights may not be hindered or limited by any type or form of censorship.
3. Infractions committed in the exercise of these rights are subject to the general principles of the criminal
law or the law governing administrative offences, and the competence to consider them shall pertain to
the courts of law or an independent administrative entity respectively, as laid down by law.
4. Every natural and legal person shall be equally and effectively ensured the right of reply and to make
corrections, as well as the right to compensation for damages suffered.
Article 38
(Freedom of the press and the media)
1. Freedom of the press is guaranteed.
2. Freedom of the press implies:
a) Freedom of expression and creativity on the part of journalists and other staff, as well as journalists’
freedom to take part in deciding the editorial policy of their media entity, save when the latter is doctrinal
or religious in nature;
b) That journalists have the right, as laid down by law, of access to sources of information, and to the
protection of professional independence and secrecy, as well as the right to elect editorial boards;
c) The right to found newspapers and any other publications, without the need for any prior administrative
authorisation, bond or qualification.
3. In generic terms, the law shall ensure that the names of the owners of media entities and the means by
which those entities are financed are publicised.
4. The state shall ensure the freedom and independence of media entities from political power and
economic power by imposing the principle of specialisation on enterprises that own general information