MINISTER’S FOREWORD in creating security in the region, including maritime security in order to support the Indonesia’s interests as the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF). Therefore, Indonesia’s management of natural resources, its border region, and defence is required. In the context of international relations, Indonesia has been prioritized free and active foreign policy, and is guided by the principle of peace and a passion for independence and sovereignty. Indonesia assumes its neighbouring countries are friendly countries who shared commitment in maintaining regional security and stability. An important priority of Indonesia is to work cooperatively within the region to problem solve and encourage peace in accordance with United Nations Charter fundamental principles. Strategic environment dynamics can bring changes to a complex spectrum of threats that have implications for national defence. The complexity of threats is multi-dimensional, military, non-military and hybrid threat which can be classified as factual and non-factual. In consequence, Indonesia’s National Defence requires an integrated military and non-military approach which strives to build a strong and respected national defence with a high deterrence capability. National defence is managed in a total defence system to achieve its national goals. The system is essentially a defence involving all citizens in accordance with their roles and functions. The involvement of every citizen in national defence is in-line-with the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. A State Defence Programme, or defined as Bela Negara programme, is implemented within the next decade and expected to reach 100 million citizens who are militant. This programme will continually develop the needs of national defence. vi INDONESIAN DEFENCE WHITE PAPER