PREFACE 1.1 Today’s global security and strategic environment influences national defence. One of the dynamics which needs to be observed during the next five years is economic growth and how it affects regional military power enhancement. The dynamics greatly affect the pattern and form of threat which is increasingly complex and multidimensional with the continued presence of military and non-military threat, and hybrid threat which can be categorized as factual and non-factual. These threats include terrorism, radicalism, separatism and armed rebellions, natural disasters, border violations, sea piracy and natural resources theft, epidemics, cyber attacks and espionage, trafficking and drug abuse as well conventional war or armed conflicts. In country conditions cannot be separated from the influence of the strategic environment triggered by ideology, political, economical, socio-cultural, and security factors. These developments become challenges in managing the national defence. 1.2 The execution of Indonesia’s national defence is intended to maintain and protect The execution of Indonesia’s national defence is intended to maintain and protect the country’s sovereignty, territorial integrity and safety of the nation from national threats. (Law No. 3/2002 on National Defence). National defence of Indonesia is held within a total defence system. A defence that is established involving all citizens, regions, and other national resources, which early prepared and held in total, integrated, directed and continued by the Government. (Law No. 3/2002) 1