Chapter 3 . Pillars of Vanuatu’s National Security Threats to national security can be external or internal, and short-term or enduring, and are often inter-connected. They call for well-resourced, flexible and coordinated strategic management. Vanuatu is unlikely to face conventional military threats. The types of issues raised during consultations tended to focus on other external risks - border security for example and threats linked to global change, such as climate change and cyber security - as well as risks more specific to Vanuatu’s internal condition such as personal and human security. National security threats are constantly evolving, presenting an increasingly complex set of challenges. Dealing with these requires a range of capabilities and a conducive enabling environment. The 10 Pillars set out in this chapter, covering security challenges and capabilities, capture what we are doing to meet our national security objectives, and what further action we need to take. In some areas, we are already performing well or have useful initiatives in train, while in others more work needs to be done. Under each pillar are listed: 1. Action Plan items, which outline specific government commitments for action to be taken in the near term. 2. Government Directions items, which outline the broad approach being taken to strengthen security in relation to that issue. 21