How to approach 5G policies Most telecom operators have not been very clear about whether their main purpose is building and running national digital communications infrastructures, provision of digital consumer services or facilitation of digital services to the business segment. Many telecom operators have been showing strong inclination towards opportunism, aiming to secure privileges and protect their legacy business models rather than searching for the best business models from a long-term perspective. Finally, as shown in Fig. 7, fading competitiveness in the internet services (big data), but also in the telecom equipment market, creates new pressures on telecoms. Any delays in dealing with the big tech dominance, compounded with potential exclusion of certain network technology vendors, and hence limited equipment choices, would obviously complicate the situation further. “ The commercial business case for 5G infrastructure under the current telecom business models is often weak, if there is any ” Fig. 6 | Various challenges and new trends facing the telecoms industry ECONOMIC VOLATILITY AHEAD NEW DIGITAL ECONOMIC CYCLE NEW WIRELESS TEHNOLOGIES AI ROBOTISATION INERTIA & SHORT-TERMISM - GOVERNMENT - CORPORTAE NETWORK SCALE ECONOMIES Source: Digiteccs Associates MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES NATIONAL AND CYBER SECURITY ESG AGENDA AND HEALTH BIG TECH REGULATION AHEAD Source: Digiteccs Associates About 5G 23