A/71/172 The cyberwar is being fought on a number of fronts, including the following: recruitment and mobilization websites; psychological warfare; information exchange and dissemination via the Internet; electronic hacking of websites, data and information systems; and cyberterrorism. The threat of cyberterrorism is on the rise in all States. Lebanon has been the victim of a number of cyberattacks aimed primarily at the banking sector (the Gauss virus) and the communications sector. Most e-services are regularly subject to attack. National efforts to promote cybersecurity and international cooperation include the following: • In 1999, Law No. 140 on the confidentiality of telecommunications and Law No. 75 on intellectual property were enacted. Both address software piracy to some degree. • In 2006, the criminal investigations division of the Directorate -General of the Internal Security Forces created an office to combat cybercrime and protect intellectual property. • In 2007, a Communications Regulatory Authority was established, and it has become an active member of the International Multilateral Partnership against Cyber Threats (IMPACT). • In 2009, the Army Command established an electronic forensics division within the Intelligence Directorate. • The Ministry of National Defence is working to establish a Lebanese computer incident response team (LEBCIRT) in collaboration with national and global bodies. It has been taking part in all the relevant initiatives and holding conferences and training courses. • In 2012, the Cabinet issued a decision to establish a national security committee to host Government websites. The committee includes a representative from the Ministry of National Defence. • In 2013, the Cabinet formed a committee to study the threat posed by Israeli enemy communications towers facing Lebanese territory. That committee was chaired by the Ministry of National Defence and included the other relevant ministries. • In 2015, the Lebanese Army created a dedicated cybersecurity division. • Parliament is currently considering a draft law on electronic transactions. Measures that could be taken by the international community to strengthen cybersecurity at the global level include the following: • Resolutions adopted by the United Nations and the World Summit on the Information Society aimed at disseminating a culture of information should be complied with, and a cooperation framework should be established with the relevant international bodies to ensure sharing of information and best practices. • National laws and regulations on combating information crimes should be harmonized with global rules, with a view to preventing digital havens. 16-12486 15/24