22) Training and exercises will be planned and carried out Finland’s cyber security report 2017 states that ‘General awareness and knowledge of the basic elements of cyber and information security are considered to be basic civic competences in the present-day digitalised information society in Finland. General awareness of the basic elements of cyber security and incorporating them into everyone’s daily routine must be actively improved in Finland. The training of experts requires better coordination between the fragmented education and research that exists among educational establishments as well as extending research even wider.’ a) The competence of the public administration’s information and cyber security personnel will be improved Associated with strategic guideline:7 Responsibility: Secretariat of the Security Committee, Ministry of Finance The Secretariat of the Security Committee will monitor the effectiveness of cyber security exercises in conjunction with the annual progress reports on the Implementation Programme. The Ministry of Finance, as part of the VAHTI activities, will plan and execute projects and services for improving the public servants’ competence in information and cyber security. The Ministry of Finance, together with the other authorities, will determine the required level of self-sufficiency in cryptology. b) Citizens will have better information and cyber security skills Associated with strategic guidelines: 7 Responsibility: National Defence Training Association of Finland, Finnish Association for the Welfare of Older People The National Defence Training Association of Finland will annually organise a cyber security curriculum which consists of basic courses open to all citizens as well as continuing education and special training for professionals. The Finnish Association for the Welfare of Older People will create a national peer-topeer learning model intended for senior citizens and extend it to those that need it. This model will maintain and disseminate general learning methods on information technology for the aged on a nationwide basis. One of its syllabi will focus on information security and cyber issues so that older people can safely carry out online transactions (telemedicine, pharmacy, online banking, etc), and that interest in e-services, as well as an awareness of their associated risks, would increase among the elderly. Implementation Programme for Finland’s Cyber Security Strategy for 2017–2020 21