DEFENCE WHITE PAPER Area; and (3) Forward Area that contains national interests that have to be protected at all times. Subsequently, this chapter outlines the three pillars of the National Defence Strategy: (1) Concentric Deterrence; (2) Comprehensive Defence; and (3) Credible Partnerships. Chapter 4 explains the Government’s plan to develop the Future Force to pursue the strategy of Concentric Deterrence. The Future Force adopts a defensive posture, in line with Malaysia’s position that is against the use of force to solve any dispute or conflict. The development of the Future Force is based on five characteristics: (1) Jointness; (2) Interoperability; (3) Technology-Based; (4) Able to Operate Simultaneously in Two Theatres; and (5) Mission-Orientated. It identifies ten capability requirements to transform the MAF into an integrated, agile and focused force, and to effectively perform the tasks of Detect, Deter and Deny along the Concentric Areas. Chapter 5 highlights the roles of of both the defence workforce and the rakyat in implementing the strategy of Comprehensive Defence. The defence workforce consists of the Regular Forces, Volunteer Forces, MAF Veterans and civil servants working in the defence and security sector. This chapter lists out the fundamentals that require attention and actions for each category of the defence workforce. It also discusses the participation of and by the rakyat in defending the country, in line with the concept of Pertahanan Menyeluruh (HANRUH). Instilling patriotism and security culture among the people is emphasised to ensure their active participation in the national defence ecosystem. Chapter 6 focuses on international defence relations in pursuing the strategy of Credible Partnerships. It describes Malaysia’s engagements with neighbouring countries, as well as countries of interest at the bilateral and multilateral levels. The Credible Partnerships are vital to achieve five defence relations goals: (1) Shaping Malaysia’s defence relations with other countries; (2) Managing shared security challenges; (3) Fostering regional stability in accordance with international laws, conventions, rules and norms; (4) Enhancing the MAF’s capabilities and defence readiness; and (5) Promoting Malaysia’s position and interests in the international arena. This chapter also sets forth the directions for Malaysia’s future defence engagements. Chapter 7 discusses the role of defence science, technology and industry as a catalyst for enhancing the nation’s defence ecosystem and economic growth. It identifies three core initiatives: (1) Stimulating research and development; (2) Encouraging economic spillover contributions to the nation; and (3) Fulfilling the nation’s defence needs. This chapter puts forward the framework for the National Defence Industry Policy (NDIP) that sets the direction based on five key thrusts: (1) Human Capital Development; (2) Technology Development; (3) Industrial Development; (4) Towards Self-reliance; and (5) Penetrating the Global Market. Chapter 8 identifies three building blocks for the implementation of the DWP: (1) Pursuing defence transformation; (2) Institutionalising good governance; and (3) Securing stable defence funding. A National Defence Investment Plan (Pelan Pelaburan Pertahanan Negara, 3PN) will be developed to register the requirements and steps to be taken to implement defence transformation. To oversee the implementation of the DWP and ensure good governance, the Government will establish: (1) Defence Investment Committee chaired by the Prime Minister; (2) Policy Committee chaired by the Minister of Defence; and (3) Defence Transformation Committee co-chaired by the Secretary General of MINDEF and Chief of Defence Forces. The expected outcome includes structured defence fundings for the development of the Future Force and expansion of the local defence industry, all of which aims to maximise legitimacy, acceptability and reliability. 05