A/65/154 preserve the free flow of information are studied and applied in the national and cross-border context. 2. Current international and multinational concepts are followed and studied. International guidance on risk assessment is needed. Cyber defence should also be addressed. National sovereignty rights for information security in global sharing should be maintained. 3. It is understood that all Member States should continue to inform the Secretary-General on their views and assessments on the corresponding questions. In this respect the following points are noted: (a) All information security issues are highly appreciated in general; (b) Ways to preserve the free flow of information and provide for the required degrees of confidentiality, integrity and availability are studied and applied within the national and cross-border context; (c) The concepts for the interconnection of networks that provide for capabilities enabled and shared at both the national and international levels should be drafted and agreed. Risk assessment for the interconnection of networks must prevail and relevant international guidance should be available. Further to that, and since a very serious concern for every nation has been the need to take measures for its cyber defence, coherent international guidance is needed for cooperation, efficiency and economy. Last but not least, the requirement for a nation to preserve its sovereignty and maintain its own base of information cannot be overlooked and every concept drafted should account for that; (d) Possible measure to be taken by the international community to strengthen information security at the global level are the following: 6 (1) Relevant international concepts should be detailed and agreed; (2) A guidance plan for a harmonized generic infrastructure, covering basic legislation matters, could be proposed, in order to deliver to a number of certified users the required information security for electronic handling of all correspondence and messaging, providing multiple ways of communication; (3) Concepts followed by multinational alliances and small nations’ constellations should be harmonized and expanded to be applicable at the global level. The agreement to specify the threat and its negative effect could be more than the engineering of any sophisticated measures devised, since they could also be used by adversaries; (4) In parallel to all of the above, the nation’s sovereignty should be understood as the basic reference for every attempt of globalization. An international concept for defining the national information exchange gateways, with scenarios reflecting the desired level of integration, should be drafted and used as a guide, for all efforts at the national, multinational and international levels. 10-45842