Publications of the Prime Minister’s Office 2024:13 The goal is for Finland to respond to cyber threats caused by third countries through both preventative, reactive and long-term measures, and to apply the entire palette of national methods and performance appropriately. These include the methods of diplomacy, intelligence, information management and strategic communication, military capability, crime prevention and the financial sector, and economic, judicial and other cybersecurity methods. A state can be held liable for any cyber operation that violates international obligations if its own organs (or private groups or individuals acting on its behalf ) can be identified as perpetrators. It is in Finland’s interests to work closely with international actors multilaterally, regionally and bilaterally. This applies to technical, operational and strategic cooperation, the development of international norms and standards, and political dialogue, and to attribution capability and the ability to take countermeasures. Finland also fully participates in the operations of NATO cyber defence and avails itself of opportunities provided by the EU with regard to capability cooperation, information exchange, coordinated countermeasures and regulation to support national cyber defence. Cyber defence is part of Finnish and NATO deterrence and defence. 40