Photo: UN Photo / JC McIlwaine Security Council Meeting Room at UN Headquarters in New York has a triple role in this respect. First, it is on the ground implementing its own projects through the Swiss Humanitarian Aid Unit, with which it has internationally recognised expertise. Second, it supports humanitarian organisations such as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and specialised UN agencies. Third, Switzerland actively promotes better compliance with and strengthening of international humanitarian law. As the depositary state for the Geneva Conventions, Switzerland plays a crucial role. Migration and displacement: Switzerland works to identify the root causes of migration in regions of origin and helps reduce irregular migration. Armed conflicts and human rights violations are causing massive refugee movements across the world. Because millions of refugees and internally displaced people sometimes wait decades for a solution in the first country entered, Switzerland helps these countries develop integration measures. Refugees and displaced people should be able to lead an independent life. Where appropriate and in Switzerland’s interest, the Federal Council aligns Switzerland’s migration policy with that of the EU and its member states. Switzerland is therefore involved in EU measures, supports European countries bordering the Mediterranean and contributes to improving the protection of Schengen external borders and to preventing irregular migration to Europe. In order to create prospects for local populations, Switzerland promotes framework conditions in developing countries: the rule of law, access to public services such as education and healthcare, creation of employment opportunities, disaster risk reduction, mitigation of climate change and adaptation to its effects, and environmental protection. Located in the heart of Europe, Switzerland closely monitors changes emerging in the European security architecture. The current security policy challenges lie in the weakening of existing arms control regimes and simultaneous rearmament, 10 Thematic focus areas in the fight against terrorism, organised crime and cybercrime, and in counter-espionage. Within the OSCE, Switzerland advocates constructive solutions to modernise conventional arms control. Through its participation in the NATO Partnership for Peace (PfP), Switzerland promotes dialogue in the Euro-Atlantic area. Switzerland is also strengthening its cooperation with the EU Common Security and Defence Policy. Globally, the priorities are minimising the risks of nuclear weapons, nuclear disarmament, non-proliferation and upholding the bans on chemical and biological weapons, as well as universalisation of the ban on anti-personnel mines and cluster munitions. Technological change means cyber diplomacy is becoming more important. Switzerland is helping to minimise the risks associated with new technologies, such as in cyberspace and in relation to autonomous weapons systems or ballistic guided missiles. To this end, it also draws on the internationally recognised expertise of the three Geneva Centres. Switzerland prevents and combats threats such as illegal intelligence activities, violent extremism and terrorism. Counterterrorism efforts must be based on international law, and developing standards in accordance with the rule of law is crucial. Switzerland addresses cross-border crime, such as cybercrime and organised crime, human trafficking and people smuggling, through international police cooperation. Cooperation within the scope of the Schengen Association Agreement is key here.