Cross-Domain Operations Contemporary warfare combines the traditional domains of land, sea, and air with new domains such as space, cyberspace, and electromagnetic spectrum. In such situation, it is essential to block and eliminate attacks by leveraging capabilities in such new domains as space, cyberspace, and electromagnetic spectrum so as to effectively deter and counter threats. Cross-domain operations that organically fuse capabilities in the new domains and the traditional domains of land, sea, and air to exercise domain-crossing capabilities have thus become vitally important. Cross-Domain Operation (image of domain-crossing exercise of capabilities) Enemy Persistent ISR Database Space domain Various systems Japan *2 Prevent enemy’s command control/ communication and use of cyberspace Networks of the MOD/SDF Cyber domain Electromagnetic domain Japan’s capabilities Enemy’s capabilities Land, sea, and air domains Protection of Japan’s C4ISR *1 Overcome ability differences with other countries by taking advantage of a synergy effect obtained through organically integrating abilities in multiple domains, not by exercising abilities separately in each domain *1 C4ISR: Command, Control, Communication, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance *2 The networks of the MOD/SDF consist of Riku-Shiki, (GSDF command system), Maritime Self Defense Force Command, Control, and Communication Service Foundation System (MARS), Japan Aerospace Defense Ground Environment (JADGE) and other systems. Defense of Japan 12