Linked largely to the situation of economic crises in recent years, the rise of groups with protectionist and nativist visions is one of the predominant notes of this period. This phenomenon has taken advantage of underlying factors, such as the slowdown in economic growth, inequality, and social and identity polarization, and has increased its international and strategic relevance.The influence of exclusionary movements is growing, due to the massive use of social media. Furthermore, the manipulation of information on the part of outside agents exercises influence in the post-truth era, with negative effects on social cohesion and political stability. The confluence of this set of contradictory dynamics and different kinds of tensions increases pressure on the international system of which Spain forms a part, and upon whose proper functioning Spanish security and wellbeing depend. At the same time, such phenomena as demographic asymmetry between geographic regions, migration pressures, and climate change have acquired even more importance for security. Therefore, Spain is committed to a rules-based international order and a more just, inclusive, and effective global governance. Spain favours preventive diplomacy, the peaceful resolution of international disputes, and dialogue—including intercultural and interfaith dialogue. Spain conceives security as incorporating human dimensions, such as respect for fundamental rights, and protection against sickness and poverty. Additionally, one of the most notable dynamics, with an impact on people’s everyday lives, is the accelerated rate of technology-driven transformation. The changes that the technological revolution is bringing to people’s lifestyles are obvious. The development of technology is an instrument of economic activation, growth, and progress—but it also tests societies’ capacity to adapt to technological changes. To a large extent, technology has given pride of place to connectivity, to the detriment of security. Acts such as the theft, use, and dissemination of information and sensitive data, and hostile actions that include disinformation activities and interference in electoral processes represent a huge challenge today, for both governments and citizens. In addition to the connectivity of the online world, which includes the internet of things, such phenomena as artificial intelligence, genetic 34 National Security Strategy 2017 Presidency of the Government