A/66/152 Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which generally provide, subject to certain limitations, that everyone has the right to freedom of expression, including the freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information through any media and regardless of frontiers. These principles have been affirmed in numerous international forums, including the General Assembly, the International Telecommunication Union and the World Summit on the Information Society, among others. E. Responsibility to combat terrorism At least 16 existing Security Council resolutions call on States to combat terrorism. These obligations apply fully when terrorists or terrorist facilitators use cyberspace to recruit, raise funds, move money, acquire weapons or plan attacks. All States are obliged to share information about, and to take action against, online terrorist financing, recruitment, planning and facilitation activities, while respecting the sovereignty of other States and their own responsibilities to allow the free flow of information. IV. Transparency, stability and risk reduction and cooperative measures As outlined above, Member States face the challenge of managing a highly varied and complex threat environment. Over the last decade, extensive efforts to combat the threat of cybercrime have been conducted internationally. Efforts in training in the investigation and prosecution of cybercrime have been taken up in the Organization of American States, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Economic Community of West African States, the African Union and the Council of Europe, among others. Extensive international cooperation in the investigation and prosecution of cybercrime has been accomplished through the Convention on Cybercrime, as well as through bilateral efforts between affected countries, and continues to be the most effective way of dealing with the threat to information and communications technologies by criminal activity. Other areas of transnational concern have yet to receive similar attention. These include risks of misperception resulting from a lack of shared understanding regarding international norms pertaining to State behaviour in cyberspace, which could affect crisis management in the event of major cyberevents. This argues for the elaboration of measures designed to enhance cooperation and build confidence, reduce risk or enhance transparency and stability: Transparency measures • Exchanges of national cybersecurity strategies and best practices (lessons learned) • Exchanges of national views of international norms governing the use of cyberspace • Exchanges of national organizational structures devoted to cybersecurity and points of contact. Stability and risk reduction measures • Establishing or upgrading communications links and associated protocols to encompass cyberincidents 20 11-41691