The need for cyber and electromagnetic activities Chapter 1 Chapter 1 explains the background and need for cyber and electromagnetic activities (CEMA) to create operational effect. It goes on to describe how other countries are integrating CEMA to ensure decisive advantage. 1 Section 1 – Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Section 2 – Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Section 3 – Parity and pacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 JDN 1/18 1