Planning and conducting 4.2. The planning and conduct of CEMA needs to be considered within strategic- and operational-level planning frameworks at a joint level. During the options development process, liaison and coordination between planning staff responsible for CEMA is paramount. This coordination will assess how these capabilities can be best used against the developing options or courses of action within legal boundaries or other restrictions. Force generation activities involving CEMA planning staffs are used to advise the commander on the CEMA component of the Whole Force, especially where deployed personnel numbers are fixed and where CEMA may be conducted with reachback to non-deployed CEMA specialists. Section 2 – Synchronising and coordinating 4 4.3. The synchronisation and coordination of CEMA within a joint force headquarters (JFHQ) can be conducted by the electromagnetic battlestaff (EMB) with cyber representation. The EMB structure uses and builds on the existing Electronic Warfare Coordination Cell (EWCC).44 It is the role of the EMB to coordinate and monitor all aspects of electromagnetic activities within the electromagnetic environment on behalf of the Joint Forces Command (JFC) directorate staff.45 4.4. Joint Concept Note (JCN) 1/17, Future Force Concept, states that ‘Influence will only be achieved with a clear focus on audiences and effects, and by integrating and synchronising kinetic and non-kinetic activities conducted across the physical and virtual domains to try to achieve those 44 The Electronic Warfare Coordination Cell (EWCC) may comprise a liaison officer with reachback to supporting national bodies, or a staff of between three to as many as 12 or more, as necessary for a specific operation. Training is an essential element to EWCC where there is a need for highly skilled staff to carry out its activities. It is fundamental that in undertaking CEMA, extant functions such as EWCC are included. See Allied Joint Publication (AJP)-3.6, Allied Joint Doctrine for Electronic Warfare, Edition B, paragraphs 0205 and 0207 for more details. 45 Allied Joint Publication (AJP)-3.6 explains that electromagnetic battlestaff (EMB) would include members from the Joint Forces Headquarters (JFHQ) J3 (Operations), J5 (Planning), J2 (Knowledge) and J6 (Communications and information support) staff. The director of the EMB will be designated by J3. Note AJP-3.6, Edition C, was being drafted at the time of publishing. 42 JDN 1/18