CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION SECURITY ... 3 of 7 http://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/official_documents/-/asset_publish... "illegal activity in the information space" - the use of information resources and/or activity affecting them in the information space for illegal purposes; "presentation of information" - actions aimed at the receipt of information by a certain group, or the transfer of information to a certain group; "dissemination of information" - actions aimed at the receipt of information by an indefinite group, or the transfer of information to an indefinite group; "terrorism in the information space" - the use of information resources and/or activity affecting them in the information space for the purposes of terrorism; "threat to the information space (threat to information security)" - factors that pose a danger to individuals, society, and the state, and their interests, in the information space. Article 3. Exceptions to the application of this Convention This Convention will not apply in those cases when the actions in question are taken within the information infrastructure of one State, citizen, or corporation under the jurisdiction of that State, and the effects of those actions are only felt by citizens and corporations under the jurisdiction of that State, and no other State has grounds to assert its jurisdiction. Article 4. The main threats to international peace and security in the information space The following are seen as the main threats in the information space that could damage international peace and stability: 1) the use of information technology and means of storing and transferring information to engage in hostile activity and acts of aggression; 2) purposefully destructive behavior in the information space aimed against critically important structures of the government of another State; 3) the illegal use of the information resources of another government without the permission of that government, in the information space where those resources are located; 4) actions in the information space aimed at undermining the political, economic, and social system of another government, and psychological campaigns carried out against the population of a State with the intent of destabilizing society; 5) the use of the international information space by governmental and non-governmental structures, organizations, groups, and individuals for terrorist, extremist, or other criminal purposes; 6) the dissemination of information across national borders, in a manner counter to the principles and norms of international law, as well as the national legislation of the government involved; 7) the use of an information infrastructure to disseminate information intended to inflame national, ethnic, or religious conflict, racist and xenophobic written materials, images or any other type of presenting ideas or theories that promote, enable, or incite hatred, discrimination, or violence against any individual or group, if the supporting reasons are based on race, skin color, national or ethnic origin, or religion; 8) the manipulation of the flow of information in the information space of other governments, disinformation or the concealment of information with the goal of adversely affecting the psychological or spiritual state of society, or eroding traditional cultural, moral, ethical, and aesthetic values; 9) the use, carried out in the information space, of information and communication technology and means to the detriment of fundamental human rights and freedoms; 10) the denial of access to new information and communication technologies, the creation of a state of technological dependence in the sphere of informatization, to the detriment of another State; 11) information expansion, gaining control over the national information resources of another State. Additional factors increasing the danger of the aforementioned threats are: 1) difficulty in identifying the source of hostile actions, especially taking into account the growing activity of individuals, groups, and organizations, including criminal organizations, which provide intermediary services, carrying out activities in the name of others; 2) the potential danger of the inclusion of undeclared destructive capabilities in information and communication technology; 3) the difference in the levels of information and communication technologies in use, and in their security, in different States ("digital inequality"); 4) the difference in national legislation and practices as regards the formation of a secure and quickly restorable information infrastructure. Article 5. Main Principles of Ensuring International Information Security The information space belongs to humankind as a whole. Its security is instrumental in ensuring the sustainable development of global civilization. To create and foster an atmosphere of trust in the information space, the States Parties must observe the following principles: 1) the activities of each State Party in the information space must promote social and economic development and must be consistent with the goals of maintaining world peace and security, and conform to the universally recognized principles and norms of international law, including the principles of peaceful reconciliation of strife and conflict, of the non-use of force in international relations, of non-interference into the internal affairs of other States, and of respect for the sovereignty of States and the major human rights and freedoms; 2) as they shape the system of international information security, the States Parties shall be guided by the principle of indivisibility of security, which means that the security of each State is inextricably connected with the security of all other States and the international community as a whole and shall not strengthen their security at the expense of the security of other States; 3) each State Party must strive to overcome the disparity in the level of equipment of national information systems with modern information and communication technologies, to bridge the "digital divide" with the purpose of lowering the general threat level in the information space; 4) all States Parties in the information space enjoy sovereign equality, have equal rights and obligations and are possess equal rights as stakeholders in the information space irrespective of their economic, social, political and other differences; 5) each State Party has the right to make sovereign norms and govern its information 7/19/2017 4:45 PM