global social movements take on strategic importance that has been underestimated until now. The actions that cyberspace uses to carry out malicious or illicit activities include cyberespionage and cybercrime. Cyberespionage is a relatively cheap, fast method with fewer risks than traditional espionage, given the difficulty of attributing authorship. The greatest capabilities are mainly held by State players (intelligence or military organisations), that fundamentally operate via what are known as Advanced Persistent Threats (APT). This type of threat means that the opponent has sophisticated knowledge levels plus resources and infrastructures so that, by deploying multiple types of attacks, they can interact on their targets over a long period of time, adapt to defence strategies, and maintain the interaction level to meet its end. In addition, a growing trend is now seen in what are known as hybrid threats, coordinated and synchronised actions aiming to deliberately attack systemic vulnerabilities in democratic states and institutions,through a wide range of media,such as traditional military actions, cyberattacks, information manipulation operations or elements of economic pressure. State and nonstate players, either directly or through intermediaries, exploit the Internet’s propensity for disinformation and propaganda and a generalised interest in obtaining and developing military capabilities to operate in cyberspace, including offensive capacities in many cases. Cybercrime, in turn, is a top-level citizen security issue, representing one of the widest-spread and generalised threats, continuously arising and increasingly victimising thousands of institutions, companies and citizens. The term Cybercrime refers to illicit activities in cyberspace, targeting elements, computer systems or any other legal property, whenever its planning, development and performance is determined by use of technological tools; depending on the nature of the actual punishable act, authorship, Prime Minister’s Office National Cybersecurity Strategy 2019 25