particularly cybersecurity, and availability of workers with the required level of knowledge or training. Secondly, transition from a preventive and defensive cybersecurity model to a more dissuasive framework falls into line with a global context demonstrating greater geopolitical competence. Use of cyberspace as a field of confrontation, independently or as part of a hybrid action, is widely recognised. Dissuasion in cybersecurity requires obtaining and strengthening cyberdefence skills, as a fundamental element of the State’s action. Thirdly, fast evolving cyberthreats require a more proactive approach from cyberintelligence. Its integration in the overall cybersecurity framework is key to provide knowledge of the situation and the necessary early warning that can anticipate actions from potential opponents through knowledge of their skills, techniques, tactics and intentions. In addition, it is necessary to encourage the use of mechanisms and means that allow appropriate investigation and prosecution of perpetrators to increase possibilities of attribution. All the above can be added to the need for greater implication from all society by encouraging a cybersecurity culture, to evolve from awareness of the commitment, in the understanding that citizens have joint-responsibility for national cybersecurity. Prime Minister’s Office National Cybersecurity Strategy 2019 21