Aware of the importance of a multilateral approach, in addition to International Law and non-binding standards for responsible behaviour among States, we might highlight the role of the United Nations Charter as the reference principle for conflict prevention, cooperation and stability in cyberspace. Forging agreements and trustbuilding measures are the basis for its application and implementation, as well as International Treaties and Agreements that Spain has joined. A new conception of cyberspace A fundamental dimension of stability involves continued defence of constitutional and democratic values and principles plus citizens’ fundamental rights in cyberspace, particularly in terms of protecting their personal data, privacy, freedom of expression and access to truthful, good quality information. Good understanding of this approach requires a multidisciplinary focus, moving beyond purely technical aspects, using centralised management principles and coordinating its performance, assigning cybersecurity to National Security as a State competence. Firstly, the private sector plays a relevant role as administrator and owner of Spain’s digital assets, meaning that the country’s cybersecurity skills largely lie in its companies. This thereby means that cybersecurity needs support, promotion and investment to become more competitive and boost economic growth, whilst providing a secure and reliable digital environment. On the other hand, we should aspire to increasing technological autonomy by encouraging a national industrial base for cybersecurity, R+D+i and technological talent management. Human resources remain a critical factor. A gaping chasm has opened up between the number of highly specialised jobs in information technologies, 20 National Cybersecurity Strategy 2019 Prime Minister’s Office