4 Overarching principles 4 Overarching Principles This Section presents nine cross-cutting principles, which taken together can help in the development of a forward-looking and holistic National Cybersecurity Strategy. These principles are applicable to all key focus areas identified in this document. They should be considered in all steps of a National Strategy development process, from the drafting of the National Strategy document to its implementation. The order of these principles reflects a logical narrative rather than an order of importance. 4.1 Vision The Strategy should set a clear whole-of-government and whole-of-society vision. A Strategy is more likely to be successful when it sets a vision that helps all stakeholders understand what is at stake and why the Strategy is needed (context), what it is to be accomplished (objectives), as well as what it is about and who it impacts (scope). The clearer the vision, the easier it will be for leaders and key stakeholders to ensure a more comprehensive, consistent and coherent approach. A clear vision also facilitates coordination, co-operation and implementation of the Strategy amongst the relevant stakeholders. It should be formulated at a sufficiently high level and consider the dynamic nature of the digital environment. The objectives and implementation timeline of the Strategy should be aligned with this vision. Further references available on page 56. 4.2 Comprehensive approach and tailored priorities The Strategy should result from an all-encompassing understanding and analysis of the overall digital environment, yet be tailored to the country’s circumstances and prioritised. Cybersecurity is not only a technical challenge but a complex multi-faceted issue, with aspects extending beyond economic and social prosperity into areas such as Guide to Developing a National Cybersecurity Strategy 30