research and development 5.0 CONCLUSION: CYBER SECURITY BEYOND 2023 The rapid evolution of the cyber landscape will constantly throw up new challenges as technology evolves and our adversaries act to exploit it. However, this strategy aims to provide a range of policies, tools and capabilities that will ensure we can respond quickly and flexibly to each new challenge as it arises. Should we fail to act effectively; the threat will continue to outpace our ability to protect ourselves against it. We can expect an explosion of threat capability at all levels. Conversely, if we realize these ambitions, all arms of government, business and society will play their part in delivering the country’s overall cyber security. If we can ensure security is designed and built in, by default, into commodity technologies, consumers and businesses would have less cause to worry about cyber security. Should the SL consolidate its reputation as a secure environment to do business online, more global companies and investors will choose to locate here. Security for CNI networks and priority sectors would be more effective. Potential attackers looking to develop tools and attack methods against systems holding key functions and data would in turn have to work harder to overcome the layered security that surrounds them. This would change the risk versus reward equation for cyber criminals and malicious actors, who would expect to face the same threat of prosecution internationally as they do for traditional crimes. If we can succeed in mainstreaming cyber security across all parts of our society, it could mean that Government itself can step back from such a prominent role, allowing the market and the technology to drive the evolution of cyber security across the economy and society. Even in the most optimistic scenario, some of the challenges the state faces in the cyber domain, whether in scale or complexity, may need more than five years to address. This strategy nonetheless provides us with the means to transform our future security and safeguard our prosperity in the digital era.