antennae, towers and other supporting constructions, ducts, conduits, masts, manholes, and cabinets; 44a) associated services – services associated with a telecommunications network or a telecommunications service which enable or support the provision of services via that network or service or have the potential to do so and include, inter alia, number translation or systems offering equivalent functionality, conditional access systems and electronic programme guides, as well as other services such as identity, location and presence service; 45) radio equipment – telecommunications equipment that intentionally emits or receives radio waves for the purposes of radiocommunication or radiolocation, or telecommunication equipment that has to be supplemented with an additional element so that it can intentionally emit or receive radio waves for the purposes of radiocommunication or radiolocation; 46) telecommunications equipment – electrical or electronic equipment designed to ensure telecommunications; 47) value added service – any telecommunications service which requires the processing of location data; 48) telecommunications service – a service which consists mainly in the transmission of signals via a telecommunications network; 49) user – an entity using or requesting a publicly available telecommunications service; 50) end user – an entity using or requesting a publicly available telecommunications service to satisfy its own needs; 51) (deleted); 52) network termination point – a physical point at which a subscriber is provided with access to a public telecommunications network; in the case of networks involving switching or routing, the network termination point is identified by means of a specific network address, which may be assigned to the subscriber's number or name; 53) orbital resources – positions in the geostationary orbit or satellite orbits which are or may be used to place artificial Earth satellites designed for ensuring telecommunications. Article 3. 1. The provisions of the Telecommunications Act shall apply to legal relations within the scope of telecommunications unless ratified international agreements binding the Republic of Poland provide otherwise. 2. Where international agreements binding for the Republic of Poland, including resolutions of international organisations established by those agreements, provide for equal treatment of a Polish and foreign entity, the Minister competent for digitalization shall ensure equal treatment of those entities also in the executive regulations to this Act. 3. In order to increase the effectiveness of telecommunications, the Minister competent for digitalization may, by means of an ordinance, implement specialist international requirements and recommendations, including those related to telecommunications security and correctness, numbering, frequencies and orbital resources management, established in particular by: 1) the International Telecommunications Union (ITU); 2) the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT); 3) the European Committee for Electro-technical Standardization (CENELEC); 4) the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC); 5) the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). 4. The requirements and recommendations referred to in paragraph 3 shall be hereinafter called “international regulations”.