JIHADIST AND ETHNO-NATIONALIST TERRORISM AND VIOLENT EXTREMISM | SITUATION oners. Security authorities in Switzerland have also identified occurrences of radicalisation in penal institutions. Since July 2016, Swiss security authorities also have to face the problem of radicalised individuals, who are released at the end of their prison term, but still represent a threat to Switzerland’s security due to their radical views. This problem is accentuated by the fact that some of the radicalised individuals without Swiss nationality cannot be deported. Information on planned attacks The federal security authorities frequently receive and process information which points directly or indirectly to ideas, intentions or preparatory actions in connection with a possible attack with links to Switzerland. In this context, a rise in the number of direct links between ‘Islamic State’ and Switzerland has been detected. Based on these findings, a number of individuals have been arrested, and some of these have already been convicted. Jihad Travellers Travelling to Returning from Total 25 (Afghanistan/Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia and Syria/Iraq) 20 15 10 5 0 25 2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Syria/Iraq 20 15 10 5 0 40 2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 SI TUATIO N R E P O RT 2018 | F I S Travel movements almost at an end Since summer 2015, the number of persons travelling from Switzerland to conflict areas for jihadist reasons has fallen significantly; since August 2016, the FIS has not recorded any persons leaving Switzerland in order to travel to a jihad area. This development is consistent with ‘Islamic State’ propaganda. In 2017, ‘Islamic State’ made several appeals to people not to travel to the caliphate, but to carry out attacks in the name of ‘Islamic State’ where they live. The collapse of the caliphate in the Levant has not so far resulted in a significant rise in the number of persons returning from jihad areas to Europe. And in Switzerland, too, no further returnees have been recorded since the start of 2016. Possible alternative destinations may be third states like Turkey or the countries of origin of the parents or grandparents. Various European states face a situation whereby families have been started in the caliphate and as a result there are increasing numbers of spouses and minors among the returnees. To date, the FIS is aware of around a dozen women and two dozen children among jihad tourists with direct links to Switzerland. The law enforcement agencies are responsible for dealing with such cases. PKK has high potential to mobilise support In Turkey, terrorist activities suspected of being linked to the PKK are down compared to 2016. However, fighting between the armed wing of the PKK and Turkish security forces in the region has continued unabated and is claiming losses on both sides. After the attempted coup of July 2016, Turkey declared a