and skills. Reaching the final stage, and maximizing the impact of ICTs, crucially depends on ICT skills. ICT and other skills determine the effective use that is made of ICTs, and are critical to leveraging their full potential for social and economic development. Economic growth and development will remain below potential if economies are not capable of exploiting new technologies and reaping their benefits. The IDI therefore also includes proxy indicators concerned with capabilities within countries, which affect people’s ability to use ICTs effectively. A single indicator cannot track progress in all three of these components of ICT development. The ITU has therefore developed a composite index, which seeks to capture the evolution of the information society as it goes through stages of development, taking into consideration technology convergence and the emergence of new technologies. ICT Readiness (Infrastructure, Access) ICT DEVELOPMENT INDEX ICT Use (Intensity) ICT Impacts (Intensity) ICT Capability (Skills) Figure 1: Components of the IDI Based on this conceptual framework, the IDI is divided into the following three subindices, which are illustrated, with their component indicators in Figure 2. Access sub-index: This sub-index captures ICT readiness, and includes five infrastructure and access indicators (fixed-telephone subscriptions, mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, international Internet bandwidth per Internet user, households with a computer, and households with Internet access); Use sub-index: This sub-index captures ICT intensity, and includes three intensity and usage indicators (individuals using the Internet, fixed-broadband subscriptions and mobile- broadband subscriptions); Skills sub-index: This sub-index seeks to capture capabilities or skills that are important for ICTs. It includes three proxy indicators (mean years of schooling, gross secondary enrolment, and gross tertiary enrolment). As these are proxy indicators, rather than directly measuring ICT-related skills, the skills sub- index is given less weight in the computation of the IDI than the other two sub-indices. Data for this sub-index is obtained from the Unite Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)’s Institute of Statistics (UIS). Kiribati National ICT Policy 2019 6